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he was bred for the sea

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1 breed

breed [bri:d] (pt & pp bred [bred])

1 noun

(a) Zoology (race) race f, espèce f; (within race) type m; Botany (of plant) espèce f

(b) figurative (kind) sorte f, espèce f;

∎ he's one of a dying breed il fait partie d'une espèce en voie de disparition;

∎ she is one of the new breed of executives elle fait partie de la nouvelle race ou génération de cadres

2 transitive verb

(a) (raise → animals) élever, faire l'élevage de; Horticulture (→ plants) cultiver; literary or humorous (→ children) élever;

∎ to breed in/out a characteristic faire acquérir/éliminer une caractéristique (par la sélection);

∎ he was bred for the sea on l'a élevé pour en faire un marin plus tard;

∎ they're specially bred for racing ils sont élevés spécialement pour la course;

∎ proverb what's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh bon chien chasse de race

(b) figurative (cause) engendrer, faire naître;

∎ dirt breeds disease la saleté entraîne des maladies

3 intransitive verb

(a) (animals, people) se reproduire, se multiplier;

∎ to breed like rabbits se multiplier comme des lapins

(b) (animal breeder) faire de l'élevage

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2 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
3 Wasser

n; -s, - und Wässer

1. nur Sg. water; hartes / weiches Wasser hard / soft water; Wasser abstoßend oder abweisend water-repellent; unter Wasser setzen flood; unter Wasser stehen be under water, be flooded; Wasser aufsetzen für Tee etc.: put the kettle on; Wasser marsch! Feuerwehr: etwa bring up the hoses (German fire officer’s traditional and legendary command to firefighters); das Wasser ablesen read the water meter; bei Wasser und Brot altm., umg. in the clink ( oder chokey, Am. poky), behind bars; Wasser ziehen Substanz etc.: absorb water; umg., fig. Strümpfe etc.: be at half mast; ins Wasser gehen (sich umbringen) go into the water, drown o.s.

2. Pl. -; (Mineralwasser) mineral water; zwei Wasser bitte two mineral waters, please; ein Wasser mit / ohne Kohlensäure a glass of sparkling / still (mineral) water; stilles Wasser (ohne Kohlensäure) still water

3. Pl. -; (Gewässer): fließendes / stehendes Wasser running / stagnant water; zu Wasser und zu Land by land and by water; die Wasser des Meeres the waters of the sea; zu Wasser lassen (Schiff) launch; unter Wasser schwimmen swim underwater; auflaufendes / ablaufendes Wasser incoming / outgoing tide; Wasser treten beim Schwimmen: tread water; bei Kneippkur: paddle; die Wasser schlugen über dem Boot zusammen the waves were breaking over the boat; Wasser führend Fluss-, Bachbett: water-bearing; still 4

4. nur Sg.; fig. (Körperflüssigkeit): Wasser lassen pass water, urinate; das Wasser nicht halten können be incontinent; sein Wasser abschlagen umg. pass water; Wasser in den Beinen etc. fluid in one’s legs etc.; ihm schoss das Wasser in die Augen his eyes filled with tears; das Wasser stand ihm auf der Stirn the sweat was running down his forehead; da läuft einem das Wasser im Munde zusammen it makes your mouth water

5. Pl. Wässer; (Parfüm etc.): wohlriechende Wässer scents; (Kölnisch Wasser) colognes; Wässer und Brände fruit and other brandies

6. fig., in Wendungen: sich über Wasser halten keep one’s head above water; jemanden über Wasser halten (über eine schwierige Zeit) tide s.o. over; ein Berliner reinsten Wassers a Berliner born and bred; ein Edelstein reinsten Wassers a stone of the first water; das ist Wasser auf seine Mühle that’s grist to his mill; ihm steht das Wasser bis zum Hals he’s in up to his neck; ins Wasser fallen Pläne etc.: fall through ( oder flat); das läuft an ihm ab wie Wasser Vorwurf etc.: it’s like water off a duck’s back; das ist ja Wasser in ein Sieb schöpfen it’s a complete waste of time; sie hat nahe am Wasser gebaut tears come easily to her, she’s always on the verge of tears; bis dahin fließt noch viel Wasser den Berg oder Rhein oder die Donau etc. hinunter that’s a long way off yet; die kochen auch nur mit Wasser they’re no different from anybody else; jemandem Wasser in seinen Wein schütten dampen s.o.’s spirits; er kann ihr nicht das Wasser reichen he’s not a patch on her, he can’t hold a candle to her; wie Feuer und Wasser sein be like chalk and cheese; er ist mit allen Wassern gewaschen he knows every trick in the book; abgraben, fließend II 1, Fisch 1, Rotz 1, Schlag 1, schwer I 2 etc.

* * *

das Wasser

water; aqua

* * *
Wạs|ser ['vasɐ]
nt -s, - or -
['vɛsɐ]
1) no pl water

Wasser abstoßend, Wasser abweisend — water-repellent

bei Wasser und Brot (euph) — behind bars, in prison

das ist Wasser auf seine Mühle (fig) — this is all grist to (Brit) or for his mill

bis dahin fließt noch viel Wasser den Bach or den Rhein or die Donau etc hinunter — a lot of water will have flowed under the bridge by then

dort wird auch nur mit Wasser gekocht (fig) — they're no different from anybody else (there)

ihr kann er nicht das Wasser reichen (fig) — he can't hold a candle to her, he's not a patch on her (Brit)

Wasser lassen (Med) — to pass water

See:

→ Blut, Rotz, abgraben, rein

2) pl Wässer (= Flüssigkeit, Abwaschwasser etc) water; (medizinisch) lotion; (= Parfüm) cologne, scent; (= Mineralwasser) mineral water; (= Schnaps) schnapps; (= Tränen) tears pl; (= Speichel) saliva; (= Schweiß) sweat; (= Urin) water, urine; (MED in Beinen etc) fluid; (= Abwasser) sewage no pl

Wasser mit Geschmack (inf) — fizzy pop (inf)

dabei läuft mir das Wasser im Mund(e) zusammen — it makes my mouth water

3) (=Wassermasse im Gegensatz zu Land) water

die Wasser pl (geh) — the waters pl

etw unter Wasser setzen — to flood sth

unter Wasser stehen — to be flooded, to be under water

Wasser treten (beim Schwimmen) — to tread water; (Med) to paddle (in cold water as a therapy)

zu Wasser — on the water or (Meer) sea

ein Boot zu Wasser lassen — to launch a boat

einen Ort zu Wasser erreichen — to reach a place by water

ins Wasser fallen, zu Wasser werden (fig) — to fall through

nahe ans or am Wasser gebaut haben (inf) — to be inclined to tears, to be weepy

ins Wasser gehen (euph) — to drown oneself

sich über Wasser halten (fig) — to keep one's head above water

er ist mit allen Wassern gewaschen — he is a shrewd customer, he knows all the tricks

See:

→ Schlag

4) (= Gezeiten) tide

das Wasser läuft ab/kommt — the tide is going out/coming in

See:

→ auflaufen

* * *

das

1) (a liquid with which something is washed: a mouthwash.) wash

2) (a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) water

* * *

Was·ser

<-s, - o Wässer>

[ˈvasɐ, pl ˈvɛsɐ]

nt

1. kein pl (H₂O) water no pl

\Wasser abweisend [o abstoßend] water-repellent

fließendes warmes \Wasser hot running water

schweres \Wasser heavy water

etw unter \Wasser setzen to flood sth

unter \Wasser stehen to be flooded [or under water]

\Wasser treten MED to paddle

2. (Gewässer) water no pl

Wasserflugzeuge können auf dem \Wasser landen amphibious aircraft can land on water

fließendes/stehendes \Wasser running/stagnant water

\Wasser gefährdende Stoffe water-polluting substances

zu \Wasser by sea [or water]

etw zu \Wasser lassen NAUT to launch sth

3. pl (geh: Fluten) waters pl

die \Wasser des Rheins the waters of the Rhine

4. (Getränk) mineral water; (euph: Schnaps) schnapps

5. (Parfum) cologne

duftende Wässer pl toilet water BRIT, cologne

6. (euph: Urin)

sein \Wasser abschlagen to relieve oneself

das \Wasser nicht halten können to be incontinent

\Wasser lassen to pass water

7. MED (in Beinen/Organen) fluid

8.

▶ jdm das \Wasser abgraben to take away sb's livelihood

▶ mit allen \Wassern gewaschen sein (fam) to know every trick in the book fam

▶ bei \Wasser und Brot behind bars

▶ ins \Wasser fallen (fam) to fall through fam

▶ bis dahin fließt noch viel \Wasser den Bach [o Rhein] hinunter (fam) a lot of water will have flowed under the bridge by then

▶ ins \Wasser gehen (euph) to drown oneself

▶ sich akk über \Wasser halten to keep oneself above water; (sich vorm Untergehen bewahren) to keep afloat

▶ das \Wasser bis zum Hals stehen haben (fam) to be up to one's ears in debt

▶ auch nur mit \Wasser kochen (fam) to be no different from anybody else

▶ \Wasser auf jds Mühle sein to be grist to sb's mill

▶ jdm läuft das \Wasser im Mund[e] zusammen sb's mouth is watering

▶ nah am \Wasser gebaut haben to be prone to tears

▶ jdm das \Wasser reichen können to be a match for sb

▶ ... reinsten \Wassers (fam) pure...

▶ stilles \Wasser [a bit of]a dark horse

▶ stille \Wasser sind tief still waters run deep prov

* * *

das; Wassers, Wasser/Wässer

1) o. Pl. water

ins Wasser gehen — (zum Schwimmen) go for a swim; (verhüll.): (sich ertränken) drown oneself

direkt am Wasser — right by the water; (am Meer) right by the sea

ein Boot zu Wasser lassen — put out or launch a boat

unter Wasser stehen — be under water; be flooded

etwas unter Wasser setzen — flood something

zu Wasser — by sea

2) Plural Wasser (fig.)

sich über Wasser (Dat.) halten — keep one's head above water

ins Wasser fallen — fall through

bis dahin fließt noch viel Wasser den Fluss od. Rhein usw. hinunter — a lot of water will have flowed under the bridge by then

mit allen Wassern gewaschen sein — know all the tricks

jemandem das Wasser abgraben — pull the carpet from under somebody's feet; leave somebody high and dry

jemandem nicht das Wasser reichen können — not be able to hold a candle to somebody; not be a patch on somebody (coll.)

3) Plural Wässer (MineralWasser, TafelWasser) mineral water; (HeilWasser) water

4) o. Pl. (Gewässer)

ein fließendes/stehendes Wasser — a moving/stagnant stretch of water

5) o. Pl. (Schweiß) sweat; (Urin) water; urine; (Speichel) saliva; (Gewebsflüssigkeit) fluid

Wasser lassen — pass water

ihm lief das Wasser im Munde zusammen — his mouth watered

Wasser in den Beinen haben — have fluid in one's legs; s. auch Blut; Rotz 1)

6) Plural Wässer (Lösung, Lotion usw.) lotion; (DuftWasser) scent

* * *

Wasser n; -s, - und Wässer

1. nur sg water;

hartes/weiches Wasser hard/soft water;

Wasser abstoßend oder

abweisend water-repellent;

unter Wasser setzen flood;

unter Wasser stehen be under water, be flooded;

Wasser aufsetzen für Tee etc: put the kettle on;

Wasser marsch! Feuerwehr: etwa bring up the hoses (German fire officer’s traditional and legendary command to firefighters);

das Wasser ablesen read the water meter;

bei Wasser und Brot obs, umg in the clink ( oder chokey, US poky), behind bars;

Wasser ziehen Substanz etc: absorb water; umg, fig Strümpfe etc: be at half mast;

ins Wasser gehen (sich umbringen) go into the water, drown o.s.

2. pl -; (Mineralwasser) mineral water;

zwei Wasser bitte two mineral waters, please;

ein Wasser mit/ohne Kohlensäure a glass of sparkling/still (mineral) water;

stilles Wasser (ohne Kohlensäure) still water

3. pl -; (Gewässer):

fließendes/stehendes Wasser running/stagnant water;

zu Wasser und zu Land by land and by water;

die Wasser des Meeres the waters of the sea;

zu Wasser lassen (Schiff) launch;

unter Wasser schwimmen swim underwater;

auflaufendes/ablaufendes Wasser incoming/outgoing tide;

Wasser treten beim Schwimmen: tread water; bei Kneippkur: paddle;

die Wasser schlugen über dem Boot zusammen the waves were breaking over the boat;

Wasser führend Fluss-, Bachbett: water-bearing; → still 4

4. nur sg; fig (Körperflüssigkeit):

Wasser lassen pass water, urinate;

das Wasser nicht halten können be incontinent;

sein Wasser abschlagen umg pass water;

Wasser in den Beinen etc fluid in one’s legs etc;

ihm schoss das Wasser in die Augen his eyes filled with tears;

das Wasser stand ihm auf der Stirn the sweat was running down his forehead;

da läuft einem das Wasser im Munde zusammen it makes your mouth water

5. pl Wässer; (Parfüm etc):

wohlriechende Wässer scents; (kölnisch Wasser) colognes;

Wässer und Brände fruit and other brandies

6. fig, in Wendungen:

sich über Wasser halten keep one’s head above water;

jemanden über Wasser halten (über eine schwierige Zeit) tide sb over;

ein Berliner reinsten Wassers a Berliner born and bred;

ein Edelstein reinsten Wassers a stone of the first water;

das ist Wasser auf seine Mühle that’s grist to his mill;

ihm steht das Wasser bis zum Hals he’s in up to his neck;

ins Wasser fallen Pläne etc: fall through ( oder flat);

das läuft an ihm ab wie Wasser Vorwurf etc: it’s like water off a duck’s back;

das ist ja Wasser in ein Sieb schöpfen it’s a complete waste of time;

sie hat nahe am Wasser gebaut tears come easily to her, she’s always on the verge of tears;

bis dahin fließt noch viel Wasser den Berg oder

Rhein oder

die Donau etc

hinunter that’s a long way off yet;

die kochen auch nur mit Wasser they’re no different from anybody else;

jemandem Wasser in seinen Wein schütten dampen sb’s spirits;

er kann ihr nicht das Wasser reichen he’s not a patch on her, he can’t hold a candle to her;

wie Feuer und Wasser sein be like chalk and cheese;

er ist mit allen Wassern gewaschen he knows every trick in the book; → abgraben, fließend B 1, Fisch 1, Rotz 1, Schlag 1, schwer A 2 etc

* * *

das; Wassers, Wasser/Wässer

1) o. Pl. water

ins Wasser gehen — (zum Schwimmen) go for a swim; (verhüll.): (sich ertränken) drown oneself

direkt am Wasser — right by the water; (am Meer) right by the sea

ein Boot zu Wasser lassen — put out or launch a boat

unter Wasser stehen — be under water; be flooded

etwas unter Wasser setzen — flood something

zu Wasser — by sea

2) Plural Wasser (fig.)

sich über Wasser (Dat.) halten — keep one's head above water

ins Wasser fallen — fall through

bis dahin fließt noch viel Wasser den Fluss od. Rhein usw. hinunter — a lot of water will have flowed under the bridge by then

mit allen Wassern gewaschen sein — know all the tricks

jemandem das Wasser abgraben — pull the carpet from under somebody's feet; leave somebody high and dry

jemandem nicht das Wasser reichen können — not be able to hold a candle to somebody; not be a patch on somebody (coll.)

3) Plural Wässer (MineralWasser, TafelWasser) mineral water; (HeilWasser) water

4) o. Pl. (Gewässer)

ein fließendes/stehendes Wasser — a moving/stagnant stretch of water

5) o. Pl. (Schweiß) sweat; (Urin) water; urine; (Speichel) saliva; (Gewebsflüssigkeit) fluid

Wasser lassen — pass water

ihm lief das Wasser im Munde zusammen — his mouth watered

Wasser in den Beinen haben — have fluid in one's legs; s. auch Blut; Rotz 1)

6) Plural Wässer (Lösung, Lotion usw.) lotion; (DuftWasser) scent

* * *

- n.

water n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Wasser
4 bank

I 1. [bæŋk] noun
1) (a mound or ridge (of earth etc): The child climbed the bank to pick flowers.) skrænt; jordvold

2) (the ground at the edge of a river, lake etc: The river overflowed its banks.) bred

3) (a raised area of sand under the sea: a sand-bank.) banke
2. verb
1) ((often with up) to form into a bank or banks: The earth was banked up against the wall of the house.) dynge op

2) (to tilt (an aircraft etc) while turning: The plane banked steeply.) krænge
II 1. [bæŋk] noun
1) (a place where money is lent or exchanged, or put for safety and/or to acquire interest: He has plenty of money in the bank; I must go to the bank today.) bank

2) (a place for storing other valuable material: A blood bank.) -bank
2. verb
(to put into a bank: He banks his wages every week.) sætte i banken

- banker
- bank book
- banker's card
- bank holiday
- bank-note
- bank on III [bæŋk] noun
(a collection of rows (of instruments etc): The modern pilot has banks of instruments.) række

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I 1. [bæŋk] noun
1) (a mound or ridge (of earth etc): The child climbed the bank to pick flowers.) skrænt; jordvold

2) (the ground at the edge of a river, lake etc: The river overflowed its banks.) bred

3) (a raised area of sand under the sea: a sand-bank.) banke
2. verb
1) ((often with up) to form into a bank or banks: The earth was banked up against the wall of the house.) dynge op

2) (to tilt (an aircraft etc) while turning: The plane banked steeply.) krænge
II 1. [bæŋk] noun
1) (a place where money is lent or exchanged, or put for safety and/or to acquire interest: He has plenty of money in the bank; I must go to the bank today.) bank

2) (a place for storing other valuable material: A blood bank.) -bank
2. verb
(to put into a bank: He banks his wages every week.) sætte i banken

- banker
- bank book
- banker's card
- bank holiday
- bank-note
- bank on III [bæŋk] noun
(a collection of rows (of instruments etc): The modern pilot has banks of instruments.) række

English-Danish dictionary > bank
5 to

tu: (полная форма) ;
(редуцированная форма, употр. перед гласными) ;
(редуцированная форма, употр. перед согласными)
1. предл.
1) местные и пространственные значения а) выражает движение к какой-л. точке и достижение ее, управляет словом, обозначающим эту точку;
также с наречиями к, в, тж. перен. Forester was sent to Edinburgh. ≈ Форестера послали в Эдинбург. The first train to London. ≈ Первый поезд в Лондон, на Лондон. He has removed to near Rugby. ≈ Он переехал поблизости от Регби. Come here to me. ≈ Подойди сюда ко мне. When he came to the crown. ≈ Когда он взошел на престол. To trace how the stories came to Spain. ≈ Отследить, как вести об этом попали в Испанию. б) значение направления в какую-л. сторону к, на Standing with his back to me. ≈ Он стоял спиной ко мне. He pointed to a clump of trees. ≈ Он указал на рощицу. The bedrooms to the back are much larger. ≈ Спальни на задней стороне дома гораздо больше. в) выражает предел движения, протяжения в пространстве до Protestant to the backbone. ≈ Протестант до мозга костей. The thermometer has risen to above
32. ≈ Температура перевалила за
32. It is eleven miles from Oxford to Witney. ≈ От Оксфорда до Уитни одиннадцать миль. г) выражает нахождение где-л. в, на Stayed to Canfields all night. ≈ Оставался в Кенфилдс всю ночью Were you ever to the Botanic Gardens? ≈ Ты когда-нибудь бывал в Ботаническом Саду? to work д) выражает соположение, соприкосновение к, у He stood up to the wall. ≈ Он стоял, прислонившись к стене. His mouth to my mouth. ≈ Его рот касался моего. They will find everything ready to their hands. ≈ У них все будет под рукой.
2) временные отношения;
временной предел, окончание срока к, до The parliament was prorogued to the tenth of February. ≈ Перерыв в работе парламента должен был продлиться до десятого февраля. The business hours were from ten to six. ≈ Рабочий день был с десяти до шести. How long is it to dinner, sir? ≈ Сколько осталось до ужина, сэр? It was exactly a quarter to four o'clock. ≈ Было без четверти четыре. Ainsworth came to this time. ≈ К этому времени подошел Эйнсворт.
3) отношения достижения цели, результата, эффекта а) выражает цель деятельности для, под The captain came to our rescue. ≈ Капитан пришел к нам на помощь. The indispensable means to our end. ≈ Необходимые средства для достижения нашей цели. You sit down to Scripture at your bureau. ≈ Засядь-ка за Писание у себя в кабинете. Having laid down a few acres to oats. ≈ Отведя несколько акров под овес. The land sown to barley increases. ≈ Площади, засеваемые хмелем, расширяются. б) конечный пункт движения, ожидаемый исход, результат He had made up his mind to the event. ≈ Он настроился на это дело. To his astonishment. ≈ К его удивлению. To light those buildings by electricity, to the total exclusion of gas. ≈ Освещать эти здания электричеством, что приведет к полному отказу от газа. But now, to his despair, he felt that his patient herself was fighting against his skill. ≈ Теперь, к своему отчаянию, он понял, что теперь против него борется и сам пациент. The glasses are all to bits. ≈ Стекла все вдребезги разбиты. в) по отношению к, в отношении к Instead of marrying Torfrida, I have more mind to her niece. ≈ Я не хочу жениться на Торфриде, у меня больше склонности к ее племяннице. This lease is a document of title to land. ≈ Этот документ об аредне есть документ о праве собственности на эту землю. The high-born poem which had Sackville to father. ≈ Поэт благородного происхождения, чей отец был Сэквилл.
4) со словами, выражающими объем, степень, размер Sir Tomkyn swore he was hers to the last drop of his blood. ≈ Сэр Томкин поклялся, что принадлежит ей полностью, до самой последней капли крови. He was generally punctual to a minute. ≈ Он был обычно пунктуален до минут. The bishops were hostile to a man. ≈ Все священнки до единого были враждебны. Gallant, courteous, and brave, even to chivalry. ≈ Галантный, вежливый и бесстрашный, почти до рыцарства. She was in love with him to distraction. ≈ Она была влюблена в него до самозабвения. The schoolroom was hot to suffocation. ≈ В классе было жарко так, что можно было задохнуться.
5) в значении добавки, добавления, приложения а) под, к, вместе с;
у It is impossible any longer to find a pound of butter or cream to our tea in all the country. ≈ Теперь нигде невозможно найти ни масла, ни сливок к чаю. I am growing old, and want more mustard to my meat. ≈ Я старею, мне требуется больше горчицы к мясу. One little boy complained that there was no rim to his plate. ≈ Один мальчик пожаловался, что у его тарелки не было края. Without clothing to his back, or shoes to his feet. ≈ Спина была голая, на ногах не было обуви. ride to hounds б) о музыке There is an old song, to the tune of La Belle Catharine. ≈ Есть старая песенка, на мелодию "La Belle Catharine". в) к My lips might freeze to my teeth. ≈ У меня губы сейчас к зубам примерзнут. To that opinion I shall always adhere. ≈ Я всегда буду выражать эти взгляды. г) для Courage is the body to will. ≈ Смелость - плоть для воли. The Hall now forms the vestibule to the Houses of Parliament. ≈ Этот зал теперь служит вестибюлем перед залами заседаний парламента. д) у, в (как свойство, характеристика) Tell me what there is to this shindy. ≈ Ну-ка расскажи, о чем здесь веселье There's a lot to him that doesn't show up on the surface. ≈ В нем есть многое, что не видно на поверхности.
6) отношение к стандарту, точке отсчета а) для, при, по сравнению с, на фоне It was so thick to its length. ≈ При ее длинне эта штука была очень толстая. Now, pretty well to what they had been. ≈ Теперь они чувствуют себя гораздо лучше, по сравнению с тем, что с ними было. Strangely contrasted to the chill aspect of the lake. ≈ Странно контрастирующий с леденящим видом озера. б) к (о соотношении сил) Their enemies were four to one. ≈ Враг превосходил их по численности в четыре раза. Mr. Gladstone's motion was carried by 337 to
38. ≈ Предложение г-на Гладстона прошло, за 337 человек, против
38. Odds are ten to three. ≈ Ставки десять к трем. в) по, для, в соответствии с He dresses to the fashion. ≈ Он одевается по моде. Temple is not a man to our taste. ≈ Для нас Темпл не человек. Men were noodles to her. ≈ Для нее все мужчины были слабаки. To all appearance. ≈ Судя по всему. He has not been here to-day to my knowledge. ≈ Насколько я знаю, сегодня его не было. г) к, в отношении, по поводу What will Doris say to it? ≈ Что на это говорит Дорис? д) с, к, по отношению к Inclined to the horizon. ≈ Наклоненный к горизонту. He was unable to see how they lie to each other. ≈ Он не мог осознать, насколько они лгут друг другу.
7) скорее аффективные значения а) переход к какой-л. деятельности Let's to it presently. ≈ Давайте теперь обратимся к этому. Come, lads, all hands to work! ≈ Так, ребята, за работу! б) причинение кому-л. или чему-л. чего-л. I presented the gun to him without any other idea but that of intimidation. ≈ Я наставил на него пистолет, имея в виду только испугать его. His father's unmerciful use of the whip to him. ≈ Отец нещадно охаживал его кнутом. Clodius had an old grudge to the King, for refusing to ransom him. ≈ У Клодия давно были к королю счеты зуб за то, что тот не выкупил его. в) обращение к кому-л. Did you not mark a woman, my son rose to? ≈ Разве ты не отметил ту женщину, которой поклонился мой сын? A hymn in hexameters to the Virgin Mary. ≈ Гекзаметрический гимн в честь Девы Марии. Come, speak to him! ≈ Ну же, заговори с ним! With continual toasting healths to the Royal Family. ≈ С бесконечными тостами за здравие королевской фамилии. г) реакция на что-л. The dead leaf trembles to the bells. ≈ Колокольный звон колышет мертвые листья. All the throng who have danced to a merry tune. ≈ Все те, что танцевали под развеселые мелодии (Питер Хэммилл, "Детская вера во взросление")
8) синтаксические функции утраченного дательного падежа а) обозначает реципиента Great dishonour would redound to us. ≈ Великое бесчестие обратится на нас. Having a Son born to him. ≈ У него родился сын. We had the railway-carriage all to ourselves. ≈ Нам был целиком предоставлен вагон. They acted under no authority known to the law. ≈ Они действовали по праву, которого не знает закон. б) обозначает носителя эмоции To these men Luther is a papist, and Caluin is the right prophet. ≈ Для этих людей Лютер папист, а Кальвин - истинный пророк. To me it is simply absurd. ≈ По мне, это просто абсурд. It means a great deal to him. ≈ Для него это много значит. в) указывает объект чувства That natural horror we have to evil. ≈ Наше естественное отвращение ко злу. Bacchus is a friend to Love. ≈ Вакх друг любви. That homage to which they had aspired. ≈ Уважение к себе, к которому они стремились. г) указывает на ссылку или источник I have already alluded to the fact. ≈ Я уже ссылался на это. Menander attests to it. ≈ Об этом свидетельствует Менандр. д) в управлении ряда глаголов, вводит непрямой объект We fought them and put them to the run. ≈ Мы сразились с ними и обратили их в бегство. This day's paper I devote to women. ≈ Сегодняшний доклад я посвящаяю женщинам. To admit Roman Catholics to municipal advantages. ≈ Предоставить католикам городские привилегии. е) фин. вводит статью расхода To Balance from 1899 195 pounds 11s. ≈ На покрытие баланса за 1899 год 195 фунтов 11 шиллингов 3 To J. Bevan and Co., for Bales, 2349 pounds. ≈ Дж.Бевиану и Ко, за Бейлс, 2349 фунтов. ж) вводит лиц, использующих какое-л. стандартное именование или выражение Terence James MacSwiney on the baptismal register, but Terry always to his friends. ≈ Теренс Джеймс Максвини значится в церковной книге, но для друзей он всегда был Терри. Lindy( Miss Hoffmann to the kids) had to give it back down to them. ≈ Линди (для детей мисс Хоффманн) пришлось отдать эту вещь им обратно.
2. нареч.
1) направление, прямо может не переводиться Three young owls with their feathers turned wrong end to. ≈ Три совенка с перьями, развернутыми не туда.
2) а) контакт, сопркосновение I can't get the lid of the trunk quite to. ≈ Я не могу закрыть крышку сундука. б) готовность Th horses are to. ≈ Лошади готовы.
3. частица
1) приинфинитивная частица You have to help him. ≈ Тебе нужно помочь ему.
2) своего рода местоглаголие, заменяет опущенный инфинитив I kept on, I had to. ≈ Но я прошел дальше, я был должен. I wanted to turn round and look. It was an effort not to. ≈ Я хотел оглянуться. Стоило громадных усилий не сделать этого. указывает на приведение в нужное состояние или положение, передается глагольными приставками при-, за- - to pull the shutters to закрыть ставни - push the door to захлопни дверь - the door blew to дверь захлопнулась - put the horses to запряги(те) лошадей указывает на начало действия: за - we turned to gladly /with a will/ мы с воодушевлением взялись за работу - they were hungry and fell to они были голодны и набросились на еду указывает на приведение в сознание или возвращение сознания - he came to он пришел в себя - to bring smb. to with smelling salts привести кого-л. в сознание нюхательной солью указывает на определенное направление - his hat is on the wrong side to у него неправильно надета шляпа - a ship moored head to корабль, пришвартованный против ветра - to and again( устаревшее) с одного места на другое;
туда и сюда;
взад и вперед;
из стороны в сторону;
в разные стороны;
вверх и вниз - to and back с одного места на другое;
туда и сюда;
взад и вперед;
из стороны в сторону;
в разные стороны;
вверх и вниз - close to рядом - we were close to when it happened мы были рядом, когда это случилось - keep her to! (морское) держи к ветру (команда) в пространственном значении указывает на направление: к, в, на - the road to London дорога в Лондон - the way to glory путь к славе - a flight to the Moon полет на Луну /в сторону Луны/ - head to the sea (морское) против волны - on one's way to the station по дороге к станции /на станцию/ - to go to town ехать /отправляться/ в город - to go to the sea ехать к морю, поехать на море - to go to Smith пойти к Смиту - where will she go to? куда она пойдет? - to turn to the left повернуть налево - to point to smth. указывать на что-л. - to see smb. to the station проводить кого-л. на вокзал - to hold up one's hands to heaven воздевать руки к небу - to put a pistol to his head приставить пистолет к его голове - I'm off to London я отправляюсь в Лондон - he wears his best clothes to church он ходит в церковь в парадном костюме в пространственном значении указывает на движение до соприкосновения с чем-л.: на, за, к - to fall to the ground упасть на землю - he swung his kit-bag to his back он закинул вещевой мешок за спину в пространственном значении указывает на расстояние: до - is it far to Moscow? далеко ли до Москвы? - it is five miles to the station до станции пять миль в пространственном значении указывает на положение по отношению к чему-л.: к, на;
вместе с сущ. тж. передается наречиями - rooms to the back задние комнаты - with one's feet to the fire протянув ноги к огню - with one's back to the wall спиной к стене - to lie to the south of лежать /быть расположенным/ к югу от - the window looks to the north окно выходит на север - placed at the right angle to the wall поставленный под прямым углом к стене - perpendicular to the floor перпендикулярно к полу - a line tangent to a circle (математика) касательная к окружности в пространственном значении указывает на временное местопребывание( после глагола be в префекте): в - he has been to Volgograd twice this year в этом году он дважды был в Волгограде - have you been to bed? вы спали? в пространственном значении указывает на (американизм) (разговорное) (диалектизм) пребывание в каком-л. месте: в - he is to home он дома в пространственном значении указывает на посещение какого-л. учреждения: в - to go to school ходить в школу - to go to the theatre ходить /идти/ в театр указывает на лицо, реже предмет, к которому направлено действие: к, перед;
часто передается тж. дат. падежом - greetings to smb. приветствие кому-л. - to listen to smb., smth. слушать кого-л., что-л. - to speak to smb. разговаривать с кем-л. - to send smth. to smb. послать что-л. кому-л. - to explain smth. to smb. объяснить что-л. кому-л. - to submit the material to the committee представить материалы в комитет - to reveal a secret to smb. открыть кому-л. секрет - to apologize to smb. извиниться перед кем-л. - to play to packed houses играть перед полным залом - he showed the picture to all his friends он показал картину всем своим друзьям - he spoke to the demonstration он обратился с речью к участникам демонстрации - whom did you give the letter to? кому вы отдали письмо? указывает на лицо или предмет, воспринимающие какое-л. воздействие или впечатление или являющиеся объектом какого-л. отношения: к, для;
по отношению к;
передается тж. дат. падежом - attitude to smb., smth. отношение к кому-л., чему-л. - his duty to his country его долг по отношению к родине, его патриотический долг - known to smb. известный кому-л. - clear to smb. ясный кому-л. /для кого-л./ - favourable to smb. благоприятный для кого-л. - unjust to smb. несправедливый к кому-л. - a symptom alarming to the doctor тревожный симптом для доктора - pleasing to smb. приятный кому-л. - to be cruel to smb. быть жестоким к кому-л. - it was a mystery to them для них это было загадкой - injurious to smb., smth. вредный для кого-л., чего-л. - it seems to me that мне кажется, что - smth. has happened to him с ним что-то случилось указывает на лицо, эмоционально или интеллектуально заинтересованное в чем-л.;
обычно передается дат. падежом - what is that to you? тебе-то какое до этого дело?;
ты-то тут причем?;
почему это тебя интересует? - life is nothing to him он не дорожит жизнью указывает на лицо, в честь которого что-л. совершается или провозглашается: в честь, за;
передается тж. дат. падежом - a toast to your success тост за ваш успех - here is to your health за ваше здоровье - a hymn to the sun гимн солнцу - to build a monument to smb. воздвигнуть памятник кому-л. /в честь кого-л./ указывает на объект высказывания и т. п.: в, о, на или придаточное предложение - to bear witness to smth. давать показания о чем-л. - to testify to smth. показывать, что;
представлять доказательства о том, что - to swear to smth. поклясться в чем-л. - to speak to smth. высказываться в поддержку чего-л. - to confess to smth. признаваться в чем-л. - to allude to smth. сослаться или намекнуть на что-л. указывает на объект права, претензии и т. п. - to have a right to smth. иметь право на что-л. - to lay a claim to smth. заявить претензию на что-л. - the pretender to the throne претендент на трон - a document of title to land документ, дающий право на владение землей указывает на (сознательную) реакцию на что-л.: на;
передается тж. дат. падежом - (dis) obediance to smb.'s orders (не) подчинение чьему-л. приказу - in answer /in reply/ to smth. в ответ на что-л. - to reply to smb. отвечать кому-л. - to come to smb.'s call явиться по чьему-л. зову /на чей-л. зов/ - what do you say to that? что вы скажете по этому поводу? - what did he say to my suggestion? как он отнесся к моему предложению? - what do you say to a short walk? как насчет того, чтобы прогуляться? указывает на эмоциональную реакцию на что-л. или оценку чего-л.: к - to his surprise к его удивлению - to his credit к его чести - to her horror, the beast approached к ее ужасу, зверь приближался указывает на реакцию неодушевленных предметов на что-л. - waves sparkling to the moonbeams волны, сверкающие в лунном свете - flimsy houses that shake to the wind легкие домики, которые дрожат от ветра указывает на предел или степень: до - to the end, to the last до конца - to a man до последнего человека - to a certain extent до некоторой степени - to a high degree в высокой /в большой/ степени - to the exclusion of all others и никто больше, и никто другой - tired to death смертельно усталый - wet to the skin промокший до костей - stripped to the waist раздетый до пояса - shaken to the foundations поколебленный до основания - rotten to the core насквозь гнилой, прогнивший до сердцевины - to fight to the last drop of one's blood биться до последней капли крови - to defend one's country to the death стоять насмерть, защищая родину - to count up to ten считать до десяти - to cut smth. down to a minimum довести что-л. до минимума - the hall was filled to capacity зал был заполнен до отказа - the membership of the club increased to 350 количество челнов клуба достигло 350 - the room was hot to suffocation от жары в комнате нечем было дышать указывает на временной предел: до - to the end of June до конца июня - to the end of one's life до конца своей жизни - the custom survives to this day этот обычай сохранился до наших дней /существует и поныне/ - I shall remember it to my dying day я буду помнить это до (своего) смертного часа указывает на степень точности: до - to an inch с точностью до дюйма - a year to the day ровно год (день в день) - to guess the weight of smth. to within a kilo угадать вес чего-л. почти до килограмма - the train arrived to a minute поезд прибыл минута в минуту указывает на пределы колебаний: до - the weather over the period was moderate to cool погода в этот период колебалась от умеренной до прохладной указывает на изменение положения или достижение нового состояния и т. п.: в, до, на;
передается тж. глаголом - to go to sleep заснуть - to go to ruin разрушиться - to run to seed прорасти - to put smb. to flight обратить кого-л. в бегство - to tear smth. to pieces /to bits/ разорвать что-л. на куски - to burn to ashes сгореть дотла - to beat smb. to death избить кого-л. до смерти - to convert a warehouse to a dance-hall превратить склад в зал для танцев - it moved him to tears это растрогало его до слез - he grew to manhood он стал взрослым человеком указывает на меру наказания: к - to sentence smb. to prison приговорить кого-л. к тюремному заключению - to sentence smb. to death приговорить кого-л. к смерти /к смертной казни/ указывает на переход к другой теме разговора, к другому занятию и т. п.: к - now to the matter at hand теперь займемся нашим вопросом - he turned to the page he had marked он вернулся к странице, которую отметил - the conversation turned to painting разговор перешел на живопись указывает на начало действия: за - to fall /to set, to turn/ to smth. приниматься за что-л. - he turned to eating он принялся за еду указывает на цель: на, к, для, с целью - to this end с этой целью - to the end that с (той) целью чтобы;
для того чтобы - to no purpose напрасно, безрезультатно - a means to an end средство, ведущее к цели - with a view to your wellbeing заботясь о вашем благополучии - they came to our aid они пришли к нам на помощь - to come to dinner прийти к обеду /пообедать/ указывает на результат: к - to come to a conclusion прийти к выводу указывает на тенденцию, склонность, намерение: к - a tendency to smth. тенденция к чему-л. - to be given to smth. быть склонным к чему-л. указывает на предназначение: для, под - to be born to a bitter fate быть рожденным для горькой доли - to be born to a fortune родиться наследником несметных богатств - a horse bred to the plow лошадь, приученная к плугу /приученная пахать/ - a field planted to rice поле, отведенное /пущенное/ под рис;
поле, засеянное рисом указывает на возможность воздействия, незащищенность против воздействия чего-л.;
передается дат. падежом - open to criticism дающий пищу для критики - open to persuasion поддающийся убеждению - exposed to the sunlight подвергающийся действию солнца, незащищенный от солнца употребляется при выражении сравнения или сопоставления: в сравнении с, по сравнению с;
передается тж. дат. падежом - compared to... по сравнению с... - equal to smth. равный чему-л. - superior to smth. лучше, чем что-л.;
превосходящий что-л. - inferior to smth. хуже, чем что-л. - similar to smth. подобный чему-л.;
похожий на что-л. - to prefer coffee to tea предпочитать кофе чаю - he prefers listening to talking он больше любит слушать, чем говорить - this is nothing to what it might be это пустяки по сравнению с тем, что могло (бы) быть употребляется при выражении соотношения или пропорции: к, на - one to four один к четырем - ten votes to twenty десять голосов против двадцати - three goals to nil три - ноль( в футболе и т. п.) - the score was 7 to 9 счет был семь на девять - three parts flour to one part butter три части муки на одну часть масла (кулинарный рецепт) - three houses to the square mile три дома на квадратную милю - four apples to a pound четыре яблока на фунт, по фунту за четыре яблока - the chances are ten to one один шанс против десяти - 2 is to 4 as 4 is to 8 2 относится к 4 как 4 к 8 - it's hundred to one (that) it won't happen вероятность того, что это не случится /не произойдет/, не больше одной сотой употребляется при выражении соответствия чему-л.: по, на;
передается тж. дат. падежом - to my knowledge насколько я знаю;
насколько мне известно - to the best of me remembrance насколько я помню - to my mind /thinking/ по-моему - (not) to one's liking /taste/ (не) по вкусу кому-л. - made to order сделанный на заказ - words set to music слова, положенные на музыку - an opera to his own libretto опера по его собственному либретто - the novel is true to life роман правильно отражает жизнь - what tune is it sung to? на какой мотив это поется? - keep to the rules придерживайтесь правил употребляется при выражении (музыкального) сопровождения: под - to dance to the piano танцевать под рояль - to write to smb.'s dictation писать под чью-л. диктовку указывает на составную часть чего-л. или принадлежность к чему-л.: к, от, для;
передается тж. род. падежом - foreword to the book предисловие к книге - a key to a desk ключ от письменного стола - a frame to a picture рама для картины указывает на фазу процесса, аспект явления - there is no end to it этому нет конца - there is no exception to this rule из этого правила нет исключений указывает на контакт, близость( в адвербиальных оборотах с повторением существительного): к - face to face лицом к лицу - hand to hand бок о бок, рядом - shoulder to shoulder плечо к плечу - they stood man to man они стояли тесно /один к одному/ указывает на близость, тесное соприкосновение, а также прикрепление: к - with her hands to her eyes закрыв глаза руками - to be close to smb., smth. быть близко к кому-л., чему-л. - to tie smth. to smth. привязать что-л. к чему-л. - to fix smth. to smth. прикрепить что-л. к чему-л. - to clasp smb. to one's heart прижать кого-л. к сердцу - to fasten smth. to the wall прикрепить что-л. к стене - he held on to the rail with one hand одной рукой он держался за перила - the houses all had numbers to them на всех домах были написаны номера - he walked without shoes to his feet он шел босиком указывает на добавление, прибавление или сложение: к, с - put it to what you already have прибавьте /добавьте/ это к тому, что у вас уже есть - add five to the sum прибавьте к этой сумме пять - will you have sugar to your tea? вы будете пить чай с сахаром? указывает на родственные, служебные и др. отношения;
передается род. падежом - heir to an estate наследник имущества - ambassador to the King of Sweden посол при дворе шведского короля - interpreter to UNO переводчик ООН - secretary to the manager секретарь управляющего - apprentice to a tailor ученик портного - to be engaged to smb. быть помолвленным с кем-л. - she is mother to the child она мать этого ребенка - he has been a good father to them он был им хорошим отцом - Charles is brother to John Чарльз - брат Джона указывает на содержание или степень содержательности чего-л.: в - a book without much to it не слишком интересная книга;
книга так себе - there isn't much to it в этом нет ничего особенного /мудреного/;
это немногого стоит - there's nothing to it это проще простого, это проще пареной репы;
в этом нет никакой премудрости;
это яйца выеденного не стоит - that's all there is to it вот и все;
вот и вся недолга;
это очень просто - is there nothing more to civilization than a moral code? неужто( вся) цивилизация сводится к морали? указывает на время по часам: без - ten (minutes) to (two) без десяти (два) - (a) quarter to five без четверти пять указывает на отнесение к какому-л. времени в прошлом: к - a ceremony dating to the first century обряд, относящийся к первому веку указывает на (диалектизм) точное время: в - they were ready to three o'clock они были готовы к трем часам (бухгалтерское) указывает на отнесение суммы в дебет счета - to goods $100 100 долларов на товары /отнесение стоимости товаров в 100 долларов/ в дебет счета (устаревшее) указывает на использование в каком-л. качестве: как, в - he took her to wife он взял ее в жены - to call smb. to witness ссылаться на кого-л., призывать кого-л. в свидетели > from beginning to end от начала до конца > from east to west с востока на запад > from nine o'clock to twelve с девяти до двенадцати часов > from day to day изо дня в день > from dawn to dusk с восхода до заката, от зари до зари > count from one to ten считай(те) от одного до десяти > to go from bad to worse все (время) ухудшаться, становиться все хуже и хуже > to all appearances по всей видимости > to the contrary наоборот > to a T полностью, совершенно > that suits me to a T это меня полностью устраивает > to oneself в свое распоряжение, в своем распоряжении > I had a room to myself у меня была отдельная комната > he kept it to himself он ни с кем этим не делился (тж. перен.) > to tell smth. to smb.'s face сказать что-л. кому-л. (прямо) в лицо > to jump to one's feet вскочить на ноги > to be used to smth. привыкнуть к чему-л. > he was used to good food он привык хорошо питаться > he was used to getting up early он привык рано вставать > to horse! по коням! (команда) > to arms! к оружию! (команда) > would to God /to Heaven/! о господи! употребляется при инфинитиве - to go away would be to admit defeat уйти означало бы признать себя побежденным - he refused to come он отказался прийти - I asked him to come я просил его прийти - he was seen to enter the house видели, что он вошел в дом - she would like it to be true она бы хотела, чтобы это оказалось правдой - I'm ready to do it я готов сделать это - you're foolish to believe it глупо, что ты веришь этому - he was the first to come он пришел первым - they had no time to lose им нельзя было терять времени - I have a letter to write мне надо написать письмо - there's a lot to do дел (еще) очень много - there was not a sound to be heard не было слышно ни звука - he is not to be trusted ему нельзя доверять - that's good to eat вкусная штука /вещь/ - the room is pleasant to look at на комнату приятно посмотреть - write down the address not to forget it запишите адрес, чтобы не забыть его - we parted never to meet again мы расстались, чтобы никогда больше не встречаться - to hear him talk you would imagine that he's somebody послушать его - так можно подумать, что он важная персона - to tell the truth по правде говоря - this house is to let этот дом сдается (внаем) употребляется после ряда глаголов, чтобы избежать повторения инфинитива - tell him if you want to скажите ему, если хотите - take the money, it would be absurd not to возьмите деньги;
было бы нелепо отказываться от них assistant ~ the professor ассистент профессора become a party ~ принимать участие to begin( on ( или upon) smth.) брать начало( от чего-л.) ;
to begin over начинать сызнова;
well begun is half done посл. = хорошее начало полдела откачало to ~ at the beginning начинать с самого начала;
to begin at the wrong end начинать не с того конца end: to begin at the wrong ~ начать не с того конца to begin (on (или upon) smth.) брать начало (от чего-л.) ;
to begin over начинать сызнова;
well begun is half done посл. = хорошее начало полдела откачало belong absolutely ~ принадлежать полностью ~ bring ~ poverty довести до бедности;
to fall to decay( или ruin) разрушиться, прийти в упадок to cheat( on smb.) вести себя нечестно( по отношению к кому-л.: другу, партнеру, мужу и т. п.) ~ избежать( чего-л.) ;
to cheat the gallows избежать виселицы ~ занимать( чем-л.) ;
to cheat time коротать время;
to cheat the journey коротать время в пути ~ занимать (чем-л.) ;
to cheat time коротать время;
to cheat the journey коротать время в пути ~ prep указывает на предел движения, расстояния, времени, количества на, до: to climb to the top взобраться на вершину counter ~ противоречащий, противоположный( чему-л.) ~ prep под (аккомпанемент) ;
в (сопровождении) ;
to dance to music танцевать под музыку;
he sang to his guitar он пел под гитару ~ prep указывает на: связь между действием и ответным действием к, на;
to this he answered на это он ответил;
deaf to all entreaties глух ко всем просьбам ~ bring ~ poverty довести до бедности;
to fall to decay (или ruin) разрушиться, прийти в упадок ~ prep указывает на принадлежность (к чему-л.) или на прикрепление (к чему-л.) к;
to fasten to the wall прикрепить к стене;
key to the door ключ от двери give consideration ~ обсуждать give consideration ~ рассматривать ~ мошенничать;
обманывать;
he cheated me (out) of five dollars он надул меня на пять долларов he could be anywhere from 40 ~ 60 ему можно дать и 40 и 60 лет ~ prep передается род. падежом и указывает на отношения: родственные: he has been a good father to them он был им хорошим отцом ~ prep под (аккомпанемент) ;
в (сопровождении) ;
to dance to music танцевать под музыку;
he sang to his guitar он пел под гитару I am going ~ the University я иду в университет;
the windows look to the south окна выходят на юг I can't get the lid of the trunk quite ~ я не могу закрыть крышку сундука ~ prep указывает на сравнение, числовое соотношение или пропорцию перед, к;
3 is to 4 as 6 is to 8 три относится к четырем, как шесть к восьми it was nothing ~ what I had expected это пустяки в сравнении с тем, что я ожидал ~ prep указывает на принадлежность (к чему-л.) или на прикрепление (к чему-л.) к;
to fasten to the wall прикрепить к стене;
key to the door ключ от двери ~ prep указывает на лицо, по отношению к которому или в интересах которого совершается действие;
передается дат. падежом: a letter to a friend письмо другу ~ prep указывает на эмоциональное восприятие к;
to my disappointment к моему разочарованию;
to my surprise к моему удивлению ~ prep указывает на эмоциональное восприятие к;
to my disappointment к моему разочарованию;
to my surprise к моему удивлению object ~ возражать, протестовать( против чего-л.) ~ prep указывает на соответствие по, в;
to one's liking по вкусу a party was thrown ~ the children детям устроили праздник ten ~ one he will find it out девять из десяти за то, что он это узнает;
the score was 1 to 3 спорт. счет был 1: 3 ~ prep передается род. падежом и указывает на отношения: подчинения по службе: secretary to the director секретарь директора ~ (began;
begun) начинать(ся) ;
she began weeping( или to weep) она заплакала ten ~ one he will find it out девять из десяти за то, что он это узнает;
the score was 1 to 3 спорт. счет был 1: 3 ~ the minute минута в минуту;
с точностью до минуты there is an outpatient department attached ~ our hospital при нашей больнице есть поликлинника ~ prep указывает на: связь между действием и ответным действием к, на;
to this he answered на это он ответил;
deaf to all entreaties глух ко всем просьбам to ~ (on (или upon) smth.) браться( за что-л.) ~ (began;
begun) начинать(ся) ;
she began weeping (или to weep) она заплакала ~ начинать ~ начинаться ~ основывать ~ приступать ~ создавать to ~ at the beginning начинать с самого начала;
to begin at the wrong end начинать не с того конца to ~ with прежде всего, во-первых ~ жулик ~ жульничество ~ занимать (чем-л.) ;
to cheat time коротать время;
to cheat the journey коротать время в пути ~ избежать (чего-л.) ;
to cheat the gallows избежать виселицы ~ мошенник ~ мошенничать;
обманывать;
he cheated me (out) of five dollars он надул меня на пять долларов ~ мошенничать ~ мошенничество;
обман ~ мошенничество ~ обман ~ обманщик, плут;
topping cheat виселица ~ обманщик ~ обманывать ~ плут ~ самозванец ~ шулер to: (from Saturday) to Monday( с субботы) до понедельника ~ prep указывает на высшую степень (точности, аккуратности, качества и т. п.) до, в;
to the best advantage наилучшим образом;
в самом выгодном свете ~ prep указывает на цель действия на, для;
to the rescue на помощь;
to that end с этой целью ~ обманщик, плут;
topping cheat виселица ~ prep указывает на направление к, в, на;
the way to Moscow дорога в Москву;
turn to the right поверните направо turn: ~ поворачивать(ся) ;
обращаться;
повертывать(ся) ;
to turn to the right повернуть направо;
to turn on one's heel(s) круто повернуться( и уйти) ~ prep указывает на направление к, в, на;
the way to Moscow дорога в Москву;
turn to the right поверните направо ~ prep указывает на лицо, в честь которого совершается действие: we drink to his health мы пьем за его здоровье to begin (on (или upon) smth.) брать начало (от чего-л.) ;
to begin over начинать сызнова;
well begun is half done посл. = хорошее начало полдела откачало I am going ~ the University я иду в университет;
the windows look to the south окна выходят на юг

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > to
6 pelado

adj.

1 bare, bald, barren, desert.

2 unprotected from the wind, exposed.

3 peeled, without skin.

He ate a peeled orange [sin piel] Se comió una naranja pelada.

4 peeled, naked, in the raw.

5 flat broke.

6 hairless.

7 foulmouthed, ill-bred, impolite, discourteous.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: pelar.

* * *

pelado

► nombre masculino

1 familiar short haircut

————————

pelado

► participio pasado

1→ link=pelar pelar

► adjetivo

1 bald, bare

2 (cabeza) hairless, bald

3 (terreno) barren, treeless

4 familiar (sin dinero) broke

► nombre masculino pelado

1 familiar short haircut

* * *

(f. - pelada)

adj.

1) bald

2) bare

* * *
pelado, -a
1. ADJ

1) (=sin pelo)

lleva la cabeza pelada — he has his head shaved

2) [por el sol]

tengo la espalda pelada del sol — my back is peeling from being in the sun

3) [fruta, patata] peeled; [gamba] shelled

tomates pelados — peeled tomatoes

solo han dejado los huesos pelados — they left nothing but the bones

4) [terreno] treeless, bare; [paisaje] bare; [tronco] bare, smooth

una montaña pelada — a bare mountain

5) (=escueto) bare

cobra el sueldo pelado — he gets just his bare salary

he sacado un cinco pelado — I just scraped a five

6) * (=sin dinero) broke *, penniless

7) Méx (=grosero) coarse, rude

8) * [número] round

el cinco mil pelado — a round five thousand

9) CAm, Caribe (=descarado) impudent

2.

SM * (=corte de pelo) haircut

3. SM / F

1) † (=pobre) pauper

2) Méx * (=obrero) working-class person

3) And, CAm * (=bebé) baby
PELADO A stock figure in Mexican theatre and film, the pelado is a kind of rural anti-hero cum lovable rogue who survives by his quick wits in the foreign environment of the city. The Mexican actor and comedian Mario Moreno (1911-94) based the character Cantinflas, for which he is famous all over the Spanish-speaking world, on the pelado. The pelado is closely related to the literary figure of the pícaro and forms part of a long line of anti-heroic characters in Hispanic literature.
See:

ver nota culturelle PÍCARO in pícaro,

ver nota culturelle CARPA in carpa

* * *
I
- da adjetivo

1)

a) ( con el pelo corto)

lo dejaron pelado or con la cabeza pelada (al rape) — they cropped his hair very short

b) (CS) ( calvo) bald

se está quedando pelado — he's going bald

2)

a) < manzana> peeled; < pollo> plucked; < hueso> clean

almendras peladas — blanched almonds

b) <nariz/espalda>

tengo la nariz/espalda pelada — my nose/back is peeling

3) (fam) ( sin dinero) broke (colloq)

estoy pelado — I'm broke o (BrE) skint (colloq)

salió pelado del casino — he lost his shirt at the casino

4)

a) (fam) <número/cantidad> exact, round (before n)

cobra el sueldo pelado — she earns a basic salary with no extras or bonuses

b) (Chi fam) <pies/trasero> bare

ir a pie pelado — to go barefoot

5) (Méx fam) ( grosero) foulmouthed
II
- da masculino, femenino

1) (CS fam) ( calvo)

¿quién es ese pelado? — who's that bald guy? (colloq)

2) pelado masculino

a) (Chi fam) ( conscripto) conscript

b) (Esp fam) pelada 1) a)

* * *

= hairless, skint, broke, shelled, treeless, peeled.

Ex. Jonah was thrown clothed into the mouth of the sea monster and emerged nude and hairless.

Ex. How does it feel to be skint in a world that seems to be obsessed with money and riches?.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Tough luck: To be a professional sport climber in America probably means you're broke, fed up and still no match for the foreign competition'.

Ex. Everybody was served shelled shrimp marinated in a balsamic seasoning and grilled over a hardwood fire.

Ex. On the treeless mound he took out his fieldglasses and began to survey the enemy's positions on the hills about 2 miles away.

Ex. Like potatoes, peeled parsnips will turn dark when exposed to air.

----

* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* cantar a grito pelado = belt out.

* chillar a grito pelado = scream at + the top of + Posesivo + head, shout + Posesivo + head off, scream + Posesivo + head off, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.

* cigüeña de cabeza pelada = wood stork.

* dejar pelado a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.

* pelado al cepillo = crewcut [crew-cut].

* pelado a lo militar = crewcut [crew-cut].

* pelado al rape = crewcut [crew-cut].

* * *
I
- da adjetivo

1)

a) ( con el pelo corto)

lo dejaron pelado or con la cabeza pelada (al rape) — they cropped his hair very short

b) (CS) ( calvo) bald

se está quedando pelado — he's going bald

2)

a) < manzana> peeled; < pollo> plucked; < hueso> clean

almendras peladas — blanched almonds

b) <nariz/espalda>

tengo la nariz/espalda pelada — my nose/back is peeling

3) (fam) ( sin dinero) broke (colloq)

estoy pelado — I'm broke o (BrE) skint (colloq)

salió pelado del casino — he lost his shirt at the casino

4)

a) (fam) <número/cantidad> exact, round (before n)

cobra el sueldo pelado — she earns a basic salary with no extras or bonuses

b) (Chi fam) <pies/trasero> bare

ir a pie pelado — to go barefoot

5) (Méx fam) ( grosero) foulmouthed
II
- da masculino, femenino

1) (CS fam) ( calvo)

¿quién es ese pelado? — who's that bald guy? (colloq)

2) pelado masculino

a) (Chi fam) ( conscripto) conscript

b) (Esp fam) pelada 1) a)

* * *

= hairless, skint, broke, shelled, treeless, peeled.

Ex: Jonah was thrown clothed into the mouth of the sea monster and emerged nude and hairless.

Ex: How does it feel to be skint in a world that seems to be obsessed with money and riches?.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Tough luck: To be a professional sport climber in America probably means you're broke, fed up and still no match for the foreign competition'.

Ex: Everybody was served shelled shrimp marinated in a balsamic seasoning and grilled over a hardwood fire.

Ex: On the treeless mound he took out his fieldglasses and began to survey the enemy's positions on the hills about 2 miles away.

Ex: Like potatoes, peeled parsnips will turn dark when exposed to air.

* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* cantar a grito pelado = belt out.

* chillar a grito pelado = scream at + the top of + Posesivo + head, shout + Posesivo + head off, scream + Posesivo + head off, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, shout at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + voice, scream at + the top of + Posesivo + lungs, scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.

* cigüeña de cabeza pelada = wood stork.

* dejar pelado a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.

* pelado al cepillo = crewcut [crew-cut].

* pelado a lo militar = crewcut [crew-cut].

* pelado al rape = crewcut [crew-cut].

* * *

pelado¹ -da

adjective

A

1

(con el pelo corto): lo dejaron con la cabeza pelada (al rape) they cropped his hair very short, they scalped him ( colloq)

2 (CS) (calvo) bald

es/se está quedando pelado he is/he's going bald

3

(a causa del sol): tengo la nariz pelada my nose is peeling

4 ‹manzana› peeled; ‹pollo› plucked

almendras peladas blanched almonds

B ( fam) (sin dinero) broke ( colloq)

estoy pelado I'm broke o ( BrE) skint ( colloq)

salió pelado del casino he lost his shirt at the casino

C

1 ( fam); ‹pared/habitación› bare

los ladrones les dejaron la casa pelada the thieves stripped the house bare, the thieves cleaned us/them out

dejó el hueso pelado he picked the bone clean

le sirvieron la chuleta pelada all he got was just a plain chop, on its own

cobra el sueldo pelado she earns a basic salary with no extras or bonuses

grito

2 ( fam); ‹número/cantidad› exact, round ( before n)

3 ( Chi fam) ‹pies/trasero› bare

no salgas a pie pelado don't go out barefoot o in your bare feet

D ( Méx fam) (grosero) foulmouthed

pelado² -da

masculine, feminine

A

(CS fam) (calvo): ¿quién es ese pelado? who's that bald guy? ( colloq)

B ( Col fam) (niño) kid ( colloq)

C

( Méx fam) (grosero): es un pelado he's really foulmouthed

D

pelado masculine

1 ( Esp fam) (corte de pelo) haircut

¡vaya pelado te han hecho! they've really cropped your hair short, you've been scalped ( colloq)

2 ( Chi fam) (conscripto) conscript

* * *

Del verbo pelar: ( conjugate pelar)

pelado es:

el participio

Multiple Entries:
pelado
pelar
pelado
◊ -da adjetivo

1
a) ( con el pelo corto): lo dejaron pelado or con la cabeza pelada (al rape) they cropped his hair very short

b) (CS) ( calvo) bald

2
a) ‹ manzana› peeled;

‹ hueso› clean;
‹ almendras› blanched
b) ‹nariz/espalda›:

◊ tengo la nariz/espalda pelada my nose/back is peeling

3 (Chi fam) ‹pies/trasero› bare;
◊ ir a pie pelado to go barefoot

4 (Méx fam) ( grosero) foulmouthed
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino (CS fam) ( calvo) baldy (colloq)
pelar ( conjugate pelar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹fruta/zanahoria› to peel;

‹habas/marisco› to shell;
‹ caramelo› to unwrap
b) ‹ ave› to pluck

2 ( rapar): lo peladoon al cero or al rape they cropped his hair very short
3 (fam) ( en el juego) to clean … out (colloq)
4 (Chi fam) ‹ persona› to badmouth (AmE colloq), to slag off (BrE colloq)
pelarse verbo pronominal ( a causa del sol) [ persona] to peel;
[cara/hombros] (+ me/te/le etc) to peel;
◊ se te está pelando la nariz your nose is peeling

pelado,-a adjetivo
1 (sin cáscara o piel) peeled
2 (rapado) shorn
3 (terreno, pared) bare
4 fam (justo, escaso) bare, scarce: sacó el curso pelado, he just scraped a pass
♦ Locuciones: a grito pelado, shouting at the top of one's voice
pelar verbo transitivo
1 (piel, fruta) to peel
2 (un ave) to pluck
3 fam (cortar el pelo a) to cut the hair of
♦ Locuciones: hace un frío que pela, it's freezing cold
duro de pelar, a hard nut

' pelado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
grito
- pelada
- pie
English:
bald
- bare
- broke
- nectarine
- top

* * *

pelado, -a

♦ adj

1. [cabeza] shorn

2. [fruta] peeled

3. [piel, cara]
tengo la nariz pelada my nose is peeling

4. [habitación, monte, árbol] bare

5. [número] exact, round;

el treinta pelado a round thirty

6. [mínimo]
saqué un aprobado pelado I passed, but only just;

nos sirvieron un vino pelado, y ya está they gave us a measly glass of wine, and that was it

7. Fam [sin dinero] broke, Br skint;

estar pelado to be broke o Br skint

8. CSur Fam [calvo] bald

9. CAm, Méx Fam [grosero] rude, foulmouthed

♦ nm
Esp Fam [corte de pelo]
¡qué pelado te han metido! you've really been scalped!

♦ nm,f

1. Andes Fam [niño, adolescente] kid

2. Andes Fam [novio] childhood sweetheart

3. CAm, Méx Fam [persona humilde] common person, Br pleb, Br oik;

la plaza estaba llena de pelados the square was full of riffraff o Br plebs

4. CSur Fam [calvo] baldy

* * *

pelado

adj

1 peeled; fig

bare; fam ( sin dinero) broke fam

2 Méx fam

grosero rude

* * *

pelado, -da adj

1) : bald, hairless

2) : peeled

3) : bare, barren

4) : broke, penniless

5) Mex fam : coarse, crude

Spanish-English dictionary > pelado
7 hecho

adj.

1 made, done.

2 made, created.

intj.

1 done.

2 agreed.

m.

1 fact, point of fact, event, happening.

2 act, feat, deed, action.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: hacer.

* * *

hecho

► nombre masculino

1 (realidad) fact

2 (suceso) event, incident

► interjección

————————

hecho

► participio pasado

1→ link=hacer hacer

► adjetivo

1 (carne) done

2 (persona) mature

3 (frase, expresión) set

4 (ropa) ready-made

► nombre masculino hecho

1 (realidad) fact

2 (suceso) event, incident

► interjección ¡hecho!

1 done!, agreed!

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a lo hecho pecho it's no use crying over spilt milk

¡bien hecho! well done!

de hecho in fact

el hecho es que... the fact is that...

eso está hecho figurado that won't take long, that'll only take a minute

estar hecho,-a un,-a... to be...

■ esta habitación está hecha un asco this room is in a right mess

■ está hecho un vago he's a real waster, he's a real layabout

hecho,-a a mano handmade

hecho,-a a máquina machine-made

hecho,-a en casa home-made

hechos son amores actions speak louder than words

lo hecho hecho está what's done is done

muy hecho,-a (carne) well-cooked 2 (pasada) overdone

poco,-a hecho,-a (carne) rare 2 (insuficientemente) underdone

ser un hombre hecho y derecho to be a real man

hecho consumado fait accompli

hecho de armas feat of arms

Hechos de los Apóstoles RELIGIÓN Acts of the Apostles

* * *
1. noun m.
1) fact

2) deed

3) event
2. (f. - hecha)
adj.

1) done, made

2) finished

* * *

1.

PP de hacer

2. ADJ

1) (=realizado) done

bien hecho — well done

mal hecho — badly done

si le dijiste que no fuera, mal hecho — if you told him not to go, then you were wrong o you shouldn't have

¡hecho! — (=de acuerdo) agreed!, it's a deal!

- lo hecho, hecho está

- a lo hecho pecho

2) (=manufacturado) made

¿de qué está hecho? — what's it made of?

bien hecho — well made

mal hecho — poorly made

hecho a mano — handmade

hecho a máquina — machine-made

hecho a la medida — made-to-measure

se compra la ropa hecha — he buys his clothes off-the-peg

3) (=acabado) done, finished; (=listo) ready

el trabajo ya está hecho — the work is done o finished

¿está hecha la comida? — is dinner ready?

4) (Culin)

a) (=maduro) [queso, vino] mature; [fruta] ripe

b) (=cocinado)

muy hecho — (=bien) well-cooked; (=demasiado) overdone

no muy hecho, poco hecho — underdone, undercooked

un filete poco o no muy hecho — a rare steak

5) (=convertido en)

el baño está hecho un asco — the bathroom is disgusting

usted está hecho un chaval — you look so young!

ella, hecha una furia, se lanzó — she hurled herself furiously

estará hecha una mujercita — she must be quite grown up now

6) [persona]

bien hecho — well-proportioned

mal hecho — ill-proportioned

hecho y derecho —

un hombre hecho y derecho — a (fully) grown man

soldados hechos y derechos — proper soldiers

7) (=acostumbrado)

estar hecho a — to be used to

3. SM

1) (=acto)

los vecinos quieren hechos — the residents want action

hechos, y o que no palabras — actions speak louder than words

hecho consumado — fait accompli

hecho de armas — feat of arms

Hechos de los Apóstoles — Acts of the Apostles

2) (=realidad) fact; (=suceso) event

es un hecho — it's a fact

es un hecho conocido — it's a well-known fact

el hecho es que... — the fact is that...

volvamos a los hechos — let's get back to the facts

hay que clarificar los hechos — the facts must be clarified

un hecho histórico — (=acontecimiento) an historic event; (=dato) a historical fact

los hechos acaecidos ayer — yesterday's events

el lugar de los hechos — the scene of the incident

hecho imponible — (Econ) taxable source of income

3)

de hecho — in fact, as a matter of fact

de hecho, yo no sé nada de eso — in fact o as a matter of fact, I don't know anything about that

4) (Jur)

de hecho y de derecho — de facto and de jure

* * *
I
- cha participio pasado [ ver tb hacer]

1) ( manufacturado) made

hecho a mano — handmade

un traje hecho a (la) medida — a made-to-measure suit

bien/mal hecho — well/badly made

2) ( refiriéndose a acción)

bien hecho! — well done!

no le avisé - pues mal hecho — I didn't let him know - well you should have (done)

lo hecho, hecho está — what's done is done

3) ( convertido en)

estaba hecho una fiera — he was furious

está hecha una vaca — she's got(ten) really fat

tú estás hecho un vago — you've become o turned into a lazy devil

se apareció hecho un mamarracho — he turned up looking a real mess

4) ( acostumbrado)

hecho a algo — used o accustomed to something

5) (como interj) ( expresando acuerdo)

hecho! — it's a deal!, done!
II
- cha adjetivo

1) < ropa> ready-to-wear, off-the-rack (AmE), off-the-peg (esp BrE)

2) ( terminado) < trabajo> done

hecho y derecho — < hombre> (fully) grown; < abogado> fully-fledged

3) (esp Esp) < carne> done

un filete muy/poco hecho — a well-done/rare steak
III
masculino

1)

a) (acto, acción)

ésas son palabras y yo quiero hechos — those are just words, I want action o I want something done

demuéstramelo con hechos — prove it to me by doing something about it

b) (suceso, acontecimiento) event

el lugar de los hechos — the scene of the crime

- hecho consumado

2) (realidad, verdad) fact

los viajes espaciales ya son un hecho — space travel is already a reality

el hecho es que... — the fact (of the matter) is that...

3)

de hecho — in fact

* * *
I
- cha participio pasado [ ver tb hacer]

1) ( manufacturado) made

hecho a mano — handmade

un traje hecho a (la) medida — a made-to-measure suit

bien/mal hecho — well/badly made

2) ( refiriéndose a acción)

bien hecho! — well done!

no le avisé - pues mal hecho — I didn't let him know - well you should have (done)

lo hecho, hecho está — what's done is done

3) ( convertido en)

estaba hecho una fiera — he was furious

está hecha una vaca — she's got(ten) really fat

tú estás hecho un vago — you've become o turned into a lazy devil

se apareció hecho un mamarracho — he turned up looking a real mess

4) ( acostumbrado)

hecho a algo — used o accustomed to something

5) (como interj) ( expresando acuerdo)

hecho! — it's a deal!, done!
II
- cha adjetivo

1) < ropa> ready-to-wear, off-the-rack (AmE), off-the-peg (esp BrE)

2) ( terminado) < trabajo> done

hecho y derecho — < hombre> (fully) grown; < abogado> fully-fledged

3) (esp Esp) < carne> done

un filete muy/poco hecho — a well-done/rare steak
III
masculino

1)

a) (acto, acción)

ésas son palabras y yo quiero hechos — those are just words, I want action o I want something done

demuéstramelo con hechos — prove it to me by doing something about it

b) (suceso, acontecimiento) event

el lugar de los hechos — the scene of the crime

- hecho consumado

2) (realidad, verdad) fact

los viajes espaciales ya son un hecho — space travel is already a reality

el hecho es que... — the fact (of the matter) is that...

3)

de hecho — in fact

* * *

hecho¹

¹ = event, fact, deed.

Ex: The concept of corporate body includes named occasional groups and events, such as meetings, conferences, congresses, expeditions, exhibitions, festivals, and fairs.

Ex: Apart from the fact that different librarians may consult different reference sources, there are other factors which may lead different cataloguers to different decisions.

Ex: Books were kept for historical records of deeds done by the inhabitants: their worthy acts as well as their sins.

* apuntar el hecho de que = point to + the fact that.

* cegarse ante el hecho de que = blind + Pronombre + to the fact that.

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* del dicho al hecho hay mucho trecho = easier said than done.

* del dicho al hecho hay mucho trecho = There's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip.

* demostración del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.

* desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.

* dicho sin hecho no tiene provecho = actions speak louder than words.

* el hecho es que = fact is, the fact is (that).

* el hecho es que... = the fact of the matter is that....

* en cuanto a los hechos = factually.

* en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.

* enfrentarse al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.

* entre el dicho y el hecho hay un gran trecho = many a slip between the cup and the lip.

* enunciado de los hechos = statement of fact.

* estado de hecho = rule of men.

* explicar + Posesivo + versión de los hechos = explain + Posesivo + side of the story.

* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.

* hacer frente al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.

* hacer frente a los hechos = face + facts.

* hecho casual = coincidence, chance happening.

* hecho consumado = fait accompli.

* hecho demostrado = established fact.

* hecho ineludible = hard fact.

* hecho real = brute fact.

* hechos dispersos = random facts.

* hechos, los = plain fact, the.

* hechos reales = true story.

* no prestar atención al hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.

* olvidarse del hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.

* pareja de hecho = common-law husband, common-law wife, common-law marriage.

* partiendo del hecho de que = based on the understanding that.

* perder de vista el hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.

* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.

* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.

* presunción de hecho = prima facie.

* prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.

* ser un hecho ampliamente aceptado = it + be + widely agreed.

* ser un hecho ampliamente reconocido = it + be + widely recognised.

* ser un hecho bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.

* ser un hecho bien sabido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.

* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.

* ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.

* sin meternos en el hecho de que = to say nothing of.

* sin tener en cuenta el hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.

* verificación de los hechos = fact checking.

hecho²

² = executed.

Ex: What was pinned up ranged from sheets of paper with nothing more written on them than a title and author to elaborate and beautifully executed illustrations.

* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* bien hecho = well-rendered, well done.

* cartón hecho de paja = strawboard.

* comprar Algo hecho en serie = buy + off-the-shelf.

* comprar Algo ya hecho de antemano = buy + off-the-shelf.

* cosa hecha = plain sailing, walkover.

* dado por hecho = foregone.

* dando por hecho que = based on the understanding that, on the understanding that.

* dar por hecho = take for + granted.

* dejar hecho polvo = screw + Nombre + up.

* dicho y hecho = no sooner said than done.

* estar hecho a escala = be to scale.

* estar hecho con la intención de = be intended for/to.

* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.

* estar hecho el uno para el otro = be two of a kind, be a right pair.

* estar hecho para = be geared to, be intended for/to, mean, be cut out for.

* estar hecho polvo = be + wreck.

* estar hecho un desastre = be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.

* estar hecho un esqueleto = be a bag of bones.

* frase hecha = bound phrase, cliche, formulaic words, formulaic phrase.

* hecho a base de parches = patchwork.

* hecho a mano = hand-made, hand-drawn, handcrafted.

* hecho a máquina = machine-made.

* hecho a medida = customised [customized, -USA], purpose-designed, tailored, tailor-made [tailormade], custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], bespoke, made to measure, fitted, made-to-order.

* hecho añicos = shattered.

* hecho a propósito = tailor-made [tailormade], custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored].

* hecho cisco = wrecked.

* hecho como de pasada = throwaway.

* hecho de antemano = off-the-peg, ready-made.

* hecho de encaje = lacy.

* hecho de grava = metalled [metaled, -USA].

* hecho de trozos = piecewise.

* hecho de un modo gratuito = pro bono.

* hecho en América = American-built.

* hecho en casa = homespun, homemade.

* hecho en el extranjero = foreign-made.

* hecho en el Reino Unido = British-made.

* hecho en lugar de otra persona = delegated.

* hecho exclusivamente para = born and bred.

* hecho exclusivamente para la web = Web-centric.

* hecho expresamente para = intended for.

* hecho para una situación específica = niche-specific.

* hecho para una única ocasión = one shot.

* hecho polvo = wrecked, dog tired.

* hecho por el autor = author-designated, author-prepared.

* hecho por el hombre = man-made.

* hecho por encargo = tailor-made [tailormade], bespoke, custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], made-to-order, made to measure.

* hecho por la OCLC = OCLC-produced.

* hecho por la propia biblioteca = in-house [inhouse].

* hecho por multicopista = mimeographed.

* hecho por uno mismo = home-grown [home grown/homegrown], home-produced, self-made.

* hecho puré = mashed.

* hecho recientemente = fresh-made.

* hechos el uno para el otro = made for each other.

* hecho una salsa = saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.].

* hecho una sopa = drenched to the skin, wringing wet, soaked to the skin, soaking wet, wet through to the skin.

* hecho un desastre = in shambles, like the wreck of the Hesperus, upside down.

* hecho un toro = as strong as an ox.

* hecho y derecho = full-bodied, full-scale, full-service, fully-fledged.

* ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.

* lo hecho hecho está = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk.

* mal hecho para = ill suited to/for.

* medio hecho = halfway done, half done.

* menos hecho = rarer.

* páguese por el uso hecho = pay-as-you-go.

* papel hecho a mano = hand-made paper.

* papel hecho a máquina = machine-made paper.

* papel verjurado hecho a máquina = machine-made laid paper.

* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic.

* recién hecho = hot off the griddle.

* resumen hecho para una disciplina concreta = discipline-oriented abstract.

* sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.

* solución hecha = cut-and-dried solution.

* tener Algo hecho a la medida de uno = have + Nombre + cut out.

* tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.

* un trabajo bien hecho = a job well done.

* * *

hecho¹ - cha

pp

[ ver tb hacer]

A (manufacturado) made

hecho a mano handmade

hecho a máquina machine-made, machine-produced

un traje hecho a (la) medida a made-to-measure suit

está muy bien/mal hecho it's very well/badly made

B

(refiriéndose a una acción): ¡bien hecho! así aprenderá well done! o good for you! that'll teach him

tomé la decisión yo solo — pues mal hecho, tenías que haberlo consultado I took the decision myself — well you shouldn't have (done), you should have discussed it with him

lo hecho, hecho está it's no use crying over spilled milk

pecho

C

(convertido en): estaba hecho una fiera or furia he was livid o furious

está hecha una foca she's got(ten) really fat

se apareció hecho un mamarracho he turned up looking a real mess

me dejaron con los nervios hechos trizas when they finished my nerves were in tatters o in shreds o ( colloq) shot to pieces

tú estás hecho un vago you've become o turned into a lazy devil

D (acostumbrado) hecho A algo used o accustomed TO sth

un hombre muy hecho a la vida en el campo a man well used to o quite accustomed to life in the country

E ( como interj)

(expresando acuerdo): ¡hecho! it's a deal!, done!

trato

hecho² - cha

adjective

A ‹ropa› ready-to-wear, off-the-peg

con ese físico se puede comprar los trajes hechos with his build he can buy ready-to-wear suits o he can buy his suits off the peg

B (terminado) ‹trabajo› done

hecho y derecho: un hombre hecho y derecho a grown o a fully grown man

un abogado hecho y derecho a fully-fledged lawyer

ya es un jugador hecho y derecho he is already an inveterate o a confirmed gambler

C ( esp Esp) ‹carne› done

un filete muy/poco hecho a well-done/rare steak

D ( Chi fam) (borracho) plastered ( colloq)

E

(Col, Ven fam) (económicamente bien): estar hecho to have it made ( colloq)

hecho³

masculine

A

1

(acto, acción): ésas son palabras y yo quiero hechos those are just words, I want action

demuéstramelo con hechos prove it to me by doing something about it

no es el hecho en sí de que me lo haya robado lo que me duele sino … it's not the actual theft that upsets me but …, it's not the fact that she stole it from me that upsets me but …

2 (suceso, acontecimiento) event

hechos como la caída del gobierno de Castillo events such as the fall of the Castillo government

los documentos hallados en el lugar de los hechos the documents found at the scene of the crime

limítese el testigo a relatar los hechos the witness will please limit o confine his testimony to the facts

Compuestos:

● hecho consumado

fait accompli

● hecho de armas

( frml); battle

● hecho de sangre

( frml); violent crime ( involving bloodshed)

● Hechos de los Apóstoles

mpl:

los hecho de los Apóstoles The Acts of the Apostles

B (realidad, verdad) fact

es un hecho conocido por todos it's a well-known fact

para esa fecha los viajes espaciales ya eran un hecho by that time space travel was already a reality

el hecho es que … the fact (of the matter) is that …

es un gran conocedor del país, debido al hecho de que … he knows the country very well owing to the fact that o because …

el hecho de que habla tres idiomas le da una gran ventaja the fact that he speaks three languages gives him a great advantage

el hecho DE QUE + SUBJ:

el hecho de que mucha gente lo compre no quiere decir que sea un buen periódico the fact that a lot of people buy it doesn't make it a good newspaper, just because a lot of people buy it doesn't mean that it's a good newspaper

C

de hecho: de hecho, ya es significativo que haya hecho esa propuesta the fact that he has made such a proposal is in itself significant

no fue una sorpresa, de hecho, me avisaron el mes pasado it didn't come as a surprise; in fact they warned me only last month

él es el director pero de hecho la que manda es ella he's the director, but she's the one who actually runs the place, he's the director, but in reality o in actual fact she's the one who runs the place

* * *

Del verbo hacer: ( conjugate hacer)

hecho es:

el participio

Multiple Entries:
hacer
hecho
hacer ( conjugate hacer) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( crear) ‹mueble/vestido› to make;

‹casa/carretera› to build;
‹ nido› to build, make;
‹ túnel› to make, dig;
‹dibujo/plano› to do, draw;
‹ lista› to make, draw up;
‹ resumen› to do, make;
‹ película› to make;
‹nudo/lazo› to tie;
‹pan/pastel› to make, bake;
‹vino/café/tortilla› to make;
‹ cerveza› to make, brew;
◊ me hizo un lugar en la mesa he made room for me at the table;

hacen buena pareja they make a lovely couple
b) (producir, causar) ‹ ruido› to make;

◊ los chistes no me hacen gracia I don't find jokes funny;

estos zapatos me hacen daño these shoes hurt my feet
2
a) (efectuar, llevar a cabo) ‹ sacrificio› to make;

‹ milagro› to work, perform;
‹deberes/ejercicios/limpieza› to do;
‹ mandado› to run;
‹transacción/investigación› to carry out;
‹ experimento› to do, perform;
‹ entrevista› to conduct;
‹gira/viaje› to do;
‹ regalo› to give;
‹ favor› to do;
‹ trato› to make;
◊ me hicieron una visita they paid me a visit;

aún queda mucho por hecho there is still a lot (left) to do;
dar que hecho to make a lot of work
b) ‹cheque/factura› to make out, write out

3 (formular, expresar) ‹declaración/promesa/oferta› to make;
‹proyecto/plan› to make, draw up;
‹crítica/comentario› to make, voice;
‹ pregunta› to ask;
◊ nadie hizo ninguna objeción nobody raised any objections

4
a) ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas):

◊ hecho caca (fam) to do a poop (AmE) o (BrE) a pooh (colloq);

hecho pis or pipí (fam) to have a pee (colloq);
hecho sus necesidades (euf) to go to the bathroom o toilet (euph)
b) ( refiriéndose a sonidos onomatopéyicos) to go;

◊ las vacas hacen `mu' cows go `moo'

5 ( adquirir) ‹dinero/fortuna› to make;
‹ amigo› to make
6 (preparar, arreglar) ‹ cama› to make;
‹ maleta› to pack;
◊ hice el pescado al horno I did o cooked the fish in the oven;

tengo que hecho la comida I must make lunch;
ver tb comida b
7 ( recorrer) ‹trayecto/distancia› to do, cover
8 (en cálculos, enumeraciones):
◊ son 180 … y 320 hacen 500 that's 180 … and 320 is o makes 500

1
a) ( ocuparse en actividad) to do;

◊ hecho la(s) compra(s) to do the shopping;

¿hacemos algo esta noche? shall we do something tonight?;
hecho ejercicio to do (some) exercise;
¿hace algún deporte? do you play o do any sports?;
See Also→ amor 1b
b) (como profesión, ocupación) to do;

◊ ¿qué hace tu padre? what does your father do?

c) ( estudiar) to do

2 (realizar cierta acción, actuar de cierta manera) to do;
◊ ¡eso no se hace! you shouldn't do that!;

¡qué le vamos a hecho! what can you o (frml) one do?;
toca bien el piano — antes lo hacía mejor she plays the piano well — she used to play better;
hechola buena (fam): ¡ahora sí que la hice! now I've really done it!;
See Also→ tonto sustantivo masculino, femenino
1 (transformar en, volver) to make;
◊ ella lo hizo posible she made it possible;

hizo pedazos la carta she tore the letter into tiny pieces;
ese vestido te hace más delgada that dress makes you look thinner;
hecho algo de algo to turn sth into sth;
quiero hecho de ti un gran actor I want to make a great actor of you
2
a) (obligar a, ser causa de que)

◊ hecho a algn hacer algo to make sb do sth;

me hizo abrirla he made me open it;
me hizo llorar it made me cry;
hágalo pasar tell him to come in;
me hizo esperar tres horas she kept me waiting for three hours;
hecho que algo/algn haga algo to make sth/sb do sth
b)

◊ hacer hacer algo to have o get sth done/made;

hice acortar las cortinas I had o got the curtains shortened
verbo intransitivo
1 (obrar, actuar):
◊ déjame hecho a mí just let me handle this o take care of this;

¿cómo se hace para que te den la beca? what do you have to do to get the scholarship?;
hiciste bien en decírmelo you did o were right to tell me;
haces mal en mentir it's wrong of you to lie
2 (fingir, simular):
◊ hice como que no oía I pretended not to hear;

haz como si no lo conocieras act as if o pretend you don't know him
3 ( servir):
◊ esta sábana hará de toldo this sheet will do for o as an awning;

la escuela hizo de hospital the school served as o was used as a hospital
4 ( interpretar personaje) hecho de algo/algn to play (the part of) sth/sb
(+ compl) ( sentar):
◊ tanto sol hace mal (AmL) too much sun is not good for you;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ el descanso le hizo bien the rest did him good;

la trucha me hizo mal (AmL) the trout didn't agree with me
hecho v impers
1 ( refiriéndose al tiempo atmosférico):
◊ hace frío/sol it's cold/sunny;

hace tres grados it's three degrees;
(nos) hizo un tiempo espantoso the weather was terrible
2 ( expresando tiempo transcurrido):
◊ hace dos años que murió he's been dead for two years;

hace mucho que lo conozco I've known him for a long time;
hacía años que no lo veía I hadn't seen him for o in years;
¿cuánto hace que se fue? how long ago did she leave?;
hace poco/un año a short time/a year ago;
hasta hace poco until recently
hacerse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se me hizo un nudo en el hilo I got a knot in the thread;

se le hizo una ampolla she got a blister;
hacérsele algo a algn (Méx): por fin se le hizo ganar el premio she finally got to win the award
2
a) ( refl) ( hacer para sí) ‹café/falda› to make oneself;

◊ se hicieron una casita they built themselves a little house

b) ( caus) ( hacer que otro haga):

◊ se hicieron una casita they had a little house built;

se hizo la cirugía estética she had plastic surgery
3 ( causarse):
◊ ¿qué te hiciste en el brazo? what did you do to your arm?;

¿te hiciste daño? did you hurt yourself?
4 ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas):
◊ todavía se hace pis/caca (fam) she still wets/messes herself

5 ( refl) ( adquirir) to make;
◊ hechose un nombre to make a name for oneself

1
a) (volverse, convertirse en) to become;

◊ se hicieron amigos they became friends;

se están haciendo viejos they are getting o growing old
b) ( resultar):

◊ se hace muy pesado it gets very boring;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ se me hizo interminable it seemed interminable;

se me hace difícil creerlo I find it very hard to believe
c) ( impers):

◊ se hace de noche muy pronto it gets dark very early;

se está haciendo tarde it's getting late
d) ( cocinarse) [pescado/guiso] to cook

e) (AmL) ( pasarle a):

◊ ¿qué se habrá hecho María? what can have happened to María?

2 ( acostumbrarse) hechose a algo to get used to sth
3 ( fingirse):
◊ no te hagas el inocente don't act the innocent;

¿es bobo o se (lo) hace? (fam) is he stupid or just a good actor? (colloq);
hechose pasar por algn (por periodista, doctor) to pass oneself off as sb
4 ( moverse) (+ compl) to move;
◊ hechose a un lado to move to one side

5
◊ hacerse de (AmL) (de fortuna, dinero) to get;

( de amigos) to make
hecho 1
◊ - cha pp [ ver tb hacer]

1 ( manufacturado) made;
◊ hecho a mano handmade;

un traje hecho a (la) medida a made-to-measure suit;
bien/mal hecho well/badly made
2 ( refiriéndose a acción):
◊ ¡bien hecho! well done!;

no le avisé — pues mal hecho I didn't let him know — well you should have (done);
lo hecho, hecho está what's done is done
3 ( convertido en):
◊ estaba hecho una fiera he was furious;

tú estás hecho un vago you've become o turned into a lazy devil
■ adjetivo
a) ‹ ropa› ready-to-wear

b) ( terminado) ‹ trabajo› done

c) (esp Esp) ‹ carne› done;

◊ un filete muy/poco hecho a well-done/rare steak

hecho 2 sustantivo masculino
1
a) (acto, acción):

◊ yo quiero hechos I want action, I want something done;

demuéstramelo con hechos prove it to me by doing something about it
b) (suceso, acontecimiento) event;

◊ el lugar de los hechos the scene of the crime

2 (realidad, verdad) fact;
◊ de hecho in fact

hacer
I verbo transitivo
1 (crear, fabricar, construir) to make
hacer un jersey, to make a sweater
hacer un puente, to build a bridge
2 (una acción) to do: eso no se hace, it isn't done
haz lo que quieras, do what you want
¿qué estás haciendo?, (en este momento) what are you doing?
(para vivir) what do you do (for a living)?
hace atletismo, he does athletics
hacer una carrera/ medicina, to do a degree/ medicine
3 (amigos, dinero) to make
4 (obligar, forzar) to make: hazle entrar en razón, make him see reason
5 (causar, provocar) to make: ese hombre me hace reír, that man makes me laugh
estos zapatos me hacen daño, these shoes are hurting me
no hagas llorar a tu hermana, don't make your sister cry
6 (arreglar) to make
hacer la cama, to make the bed
hacer la casa, to do the housework
7 Mat (sumar, dar como resultado) to make: y con éste hacen cincuenta, and that makes fifty
8 (producir una impresión) to make... look: ese vestido la hace mayor, that dress makes her look older
9 (en sustitución de otro verbo) to do: cuido mi jardín, me gusta hacerlo, I look after my garden, I like doing it
10 (representar) to play: Juan hizo un papel en Fuenteovejuna, Juan played a part in Fuenteovejuna
11 (actuar como) to play: no hagas el tonto, don't play the fool
12 (suponer) te hacía en casa, I thought you were at home
II verbo intransitivo
1 (en el teatro, etc) to play: hizo de Electra, she played Electra
2 ( hacer por + infinitivo) to try to: hice por ayudar, I tried to help
3 (simular) to pretend: hice como si no lo conociera, I acted as if I didn't know him
4 fam (venir bien, convenir) to be suitable: si te hace, nos vamos a verle mañana, if it's all right for you, we'll visit him tomorrow
III verbo impersonal
1 (tiempo transcurrido) ago: hace mucho (tiempo), a long time ago
hace tres semanas que no veo la televisión, I haven't watched TV for three weeks
hace tres años que comenzaron las obras, the building works started three years ago
2 (condición atmosférica) hacía mucho frío, it was very cold
¿To make o to do?
El significado básico del verbo to make es construir, fabricar algo juntando los componentes (aquí hacen unos pasteles maravillosos, they make marvellous cakes here), obligar (hazle callar, make him shut up) o convertir: Te hará más fuerte. It'll make you stronger. También se emplea en expresiones compuestas por palabras tales como dinero ( money), ruido ( a noise), cama ( the bed), esfuerzo ( an effort), promesa ( a promise), c omentario ( a comment), amor ( love), guerra ( war).
El significado del verbo to do es cumplir o ejecutar una tarea o actividad, especialmente tratándose de los deportes y las tareas domésticas: Hago mis deberes por la noche. I do my homework in the evening. ¿Quién hace la plancha en tu casa? Who does the ironing in your house? También se emplea con palabras tales como deber ( duty), deportes ( sports), examen ( an exam), favor ( a favour), sumas ( sums).
hecho,-a
I adjetivo
1 (realizado) made, done: está muy bien hecho, it's really well done
2 (acostumbrado) used: está hecho a trabajar en este clima, he's used to working in this climate
3 (cocinado, cocido) done
un filete muy/poco hecho, a well-cooked/rare steak
4 (persona) mature
5 (frase) set
(ropa) ready-made
II sustantivo masculino
1 (suceso real) fact
el hecho es que..., the fact is that...
de hecho, in fact ➣ Ver nota en actually 2 (obra, acción) act, deed
3 (acontecimiento, caso) event, incident
III interj ¡hecho!, it's a deal! o all right!
' hecho' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acontecer
- actual
- asesinar
- braga
- bribón
- bribona
- buena
- bueno
- casera
- casero
- chapucera
- chapucero
- chapuza
- chaval
- chavala
- como
- conmoverse
- considerable
- consumada
- consumado
- Cristo
- de
- despeluchar
- desvarío
- dicha
- dicho
- documentalista
- elemento
- encubrir
- entrar
- exquisita
- exquisito
- fideo
- fiera
- flan
- furia
- haber
- habilidosa
- habilidoso
- hallar
- hecha
- higo
- hojalata
- humanamente
- incidencia
- interdisciplinaria
- interdisciplinario
- jirón
- jugarreta
- lástima
English:
accept
- action
- actual
- actually
- adjust
- admission
- admit
- advance
- angry
- appease
- asbestos
- bandwagon
- bargain
- basis
- beat
- by
- challenge
- cock-up
- collar
- come
- confirm
- cry
- custom
- cut out
- damage
- deal
- decree
- delay
- deliberately
- done
- dream
- effect
- effectively
- enforce
- established
- fact
- failure
- fait accompli
- find out
- fitted
- freshly
- fully-fledged
- good
- grown
- gumbo
- hand
- handmade
- however
- hurried
- in

* * *

hecho, -a

♦ participio
ver hacer
♦ adj

1. [llevado a cabo]
hecho a mano handmade;

hecho a máquina machine-made;

una película bien hecha a well-made film;

¡eso está hecho! it's a deal!, you're on!;

¡bien hecho! well done!;

¡mal hecho, me tenías que haber avisado! you were wrong not to tell me!;

¿me podrás conseguir entradas? – ¡eso está hecho! will you be able to get me tickets? – it's as good as done!;

Comp

lo hecho, hecho está what is done is done;

Comp
Fam
a lo hecho, pecho: no me gusta, pero a lo hecho, pecho I don't like it, but what's done is done;

tú lo hiciste, así que a lo hecho, pecho you did it, so you'll have to take what's coming

2. [acabado] mature;

una mujer hecha y derecha a fully grown woman;

estás hecho un artista you've become quite an artist

3. [carne, pasta] done;

quiero el filete muy hecho/poco hecho I'd like my steak well done/rare

4. [acostumbrado]
estar hecho a algo/a hacer algo to be used to sth/to doing sth;

está hecha a la dureza del clima she's used to the harsh climate;

no estoy hecho a levantarme tan temprano I'm not used to getting up so early

5. Andes, RP Fam
estar hecho [en condiciones] to have it all;

con la compra de estos zapatos creo que estoy hecho after buying these shoes I think I've got everything I need;

me faltan dos materias de la carrera y estoy hecha I need to do two more subjects in my degree and that's me done

♦ nm

1. [suceso] event;

los hechos tuvieron lugar de madrugada the events took place in the early morning;

el cuerpo de la víctima fue retirado del lugar de los hechos the victim's body was removed from the scene of the crime

Comp
hecho consumado fait accompli
2. [realidad, dato] fact;

el hecho de que seas el jefe no te da derecho a comportarte así just because you're the boss doesn't mean you have the right to behave like that;

es un hecho indiscutido que… it is an indisputable fact that…;

el hecho es que… the fact is that…;

hecho ineludible fact of life

3. [obra] action, deed;

sus hechos hablan por él his actions speak for him;

queremos hechos, y no promesas we want action, not promises

Comp
los Hechos de los Apóstoles the Acts of the Apostles; Mil hecho de armas feat of arms
4.
de hecho [en realidad] in fact, actually;

claro que lo conozco, de hecho, fuimos juntos al colegio of course I know him, indeed o in fact we actually went to school together

5. [en la práctica] de facto;

es el presidente de hecho he's the de facto president

♦ interj

it's a deal!, you're on!;

te lo vendo por un millón – ¡hecho! I'll sell it to you for a million – done! o it's a deal!

* * *

hecho

I part → hacer; ( confeccionado)

:

hecho a mano hand-made;

un traje hecho an off-the-peg suit;

muy hecho carne well-done;

¡bien hecho! well done!;

¡hecho!, ¡eso está hecho ! done!, it’s a deal!;

a lo hecho, pecho what’s done is done

II adj finished;

un hombre hecho y derecho a fully grown man

III m

1 ( realidad) fact;

de hecho in fact;

el hecho es que the fact is that

2 ( suceso) event

3 ( obra) action, deed;

un hecho consumado a fait accompli

* * *

hecho pp hacer

hecho, - cha adj

1) : made, done

2) : ready-to-wear

3) : complete, finished

hecho y derecho: full-fledged

hecho nm

1) : fact

2) : event

hechos históricos: historic events

3) : act, action

4)

de hecho : in fact, in reality

* * *

hecho¹ adj

1. (manufacturado) made

¿de qué está hecho? what's it made of?

está hecho de plástico it's made of plastic

hecho con ingredientes naturales made from natural ingredients

2. (cocinado) done

me gusta el filete bien hecho I like my steak well done

¡bien hecho! well done!

¡hecho! done!

hecho a mano handmade

hecho en casa homemade

hecho² n

1. (en general) fact

la película se basa en hechos verídicos the film is based on fact

2. (acto) action

demuéstraselo con hechos y no con palabras prove it with actions, not words

de hecho in fact

Spanish-English dictionary > hecho
8 to

1. prep (направление) к, в, на

the road to London — дорога в Лондон

the way to glory — путь к славе

a flight to the Moon — полёт на Луну

head to the sea — против волны

to go to town — ехать в город

to go to the sea — ехать к морю, поехать на море

to go to Smith — пойти к Смиту

where will she go to? — куда она пойдёт?

to turn to the left — повернуть налево

to put a pistol to his head — приставить пистолет к его голове

he wears his best clothes to church — он ходит в церковь в парадном костюме

2. prep (пределы колебаний) до

the weather over the period was moderate to cool — погода в этот период колебалась от умеренной до прохладной

to go to sleep — заснуть

to go to ruin — разрушиться

to run to seed — прорасти

to burn to ashes — сгореть дотла

to convert a warehouse to a dance-hall — превратить склад в зал для танцев

3. prep за

he turned to eating — он принялся за еду

4. prep цель на, к, для, с целью

to this end — с этой целью

to the end that — с целью чтобы; для того чтобы

to no purpose — напрасно, безрезультатно

a means to an end — средство, ведущее к цели

with a view to your wellbeing — заботясь о вашем благополучии

5. prep для, под

to be born to a bitter fate — быть рождённым для горькой доли

to be born to a fortune — родиться наследником несметных богатств

a horse bred to the plow — лошадь, приученная к плугу

a field planted to rice — поле, отведённое под рис; поле, засеянное рисом

open to criticism — дающий пищу для критики

6. prep (соотношения или пропорции) к, на

one to four — один к четырём

ten votes to twenty — десять голосов против двадцати

three goals to nil — три — ноль

the score was 7 to 9 — счёт был семь на девять

three parts flour to one part butter — три части муки на одну часть масла

three houses to the square mile — три дома на квадратную милю

four apples to a pound — четыре яблока на фунт, по фунту за четыре яблока

the chances are ten to one — один шанс против десяти

to my knowledge — насколько я знаю; насколько мне известно

to the best of my remembrance — насколько я помню

to my mind — по-моему

made to order — сделанный на заказ

words set to music — слова, положенные на музыку

an opera to his own libretto — опера по его собственному либретто

the novel is true to life — роман правильно отражает жизнь

7. prep (время по часам) без

ten to — без десяти

Синонимический ряд:

1. for (other) for; towards; with a view to; with an eye to

2. so that (other) in order that; in order to; so; so that

3. toward (other) facing; through; toward

4. until (other) as far as; until; up to

English-Russian base dictionary > to
9 deep

di:p 1. adjective
1) (going or being far down or far into: a deep lake; a deep wound.) dyp

2) (going or being far down by a named amount: a hole six feet deep.) dyp, i dybden

3) (occupied or involved to a great extent: He is deep in debt.) dyp, i stor grad

4) (intense; strong: The sea is a deep blue colour; They are in a deep sleep.) dyp, mørke-

5) (low in pitch: His voice is very deep.) mørk, dyp
2. adverb
(far down or into: deep into the wood.) dypt

- deepen
- deeply
- deepness
- deep-freeze 3. verb
(to freeze and keep (food) in this.) fryse (inn), dypfryse

- deep-sea
- in deep water

dunkel

I
subst. \/diːp\/

1) dyp, dypt sted

2) havdyp

3) avgrunn, hull

the deep ( poetisk) havet, dypet
II
adj. \/diːp\/

1) dyp (ned eller inn), dyptliggende

2) bred

3) vanskelig å fatte, uklar

4) dypsindig

5) dyptgående, grundig

• she had deep insight into the animal's behaviour

hun hadde grundig innsikt i dyrets atferd

6) ( hverdagslig) listig, utstudert

• he showed them his deep schemes

han viste dem sine listige planer

7) ( om lyd) dyp, dump, lav, mørk, fulltonig

8) ( om farge) mørk, dyp, intensiv, mettet

9) dyp, dypfølt, intensiv, umåtelig

• the boy was in deep sorrow when his dog died

gutten var i dyp sorg da hunden hans døde

deep in dypt innviklet i, dypt involvert i, fordypet i

• he was deep in a book and didn't hear her knock

han var fordypet i en bok og hørte ikke at hun banket på

deep in debt gjeld til oppover ørene

deep in love dypt forelsket

deep in thought i dype tanker

a deep one en dypsindig person en listig lømmel

deep pockets (amer., hverdagslig) romslig lommebok, (person som er) kilde til mye penger

• there must be some deep pockets among your stockbroker friends?

det må finnes noen romslige lommebøker blant børsmekler-vennene dine?

a deep secret ( også) en godt bevart hemmelighet

go off the deep end (amer., også jump off the deep end) forhaste seg ( hverdagslig) bli rasende, hisse seg opp

be in deep waters eller get into deep waters ( overført) være ute på dypt vann, komme ut på dypt vann, være i vanskeligheter, komme ut for vanskeligheter
III
adv. \/diːp\/

( også overført) dypt, langt

• the failure made her sink deep

fiaskoen førte til at hun sank dypt

• they went for a walk deep into the night

de gikk seg en tur midt på natten

deep down (in one's heart) innerst inne, i bunn og grunn

drink deep drikke i store slurker

be in deep (amer., slang) være dypt involvert

• he's supposed to be in deep with his publisher

han skal være dypt involvert med forleggeren sin

English-Norwegian dictionary > deep
10 line

1. n иск. линия; линии, контур

line and colour — контуры и тона

PCM line — линия передачи ИКМ сигналов

beading line — внутренняя линия шпунта

beam line — теоретическая линия палубы

connecting line — соединительная линия

deck side line — бортовая линия палубы

2. n черта, штрих

line test — кино проба рисованного движения на киноэкране

reading line — отсчетный штрих

graduation line — отсчетный штрих

line style — тип линии; тип штриха литеры

the ball crossed the line — мяч за чертой

draw a line — подвести черту; положить предел

3. n муз. линейка

color line — передняя линейка

line gauge — наборная линейка

added line — добавочная линейка

line gage — типографская линейка

ledger line — добавочная линейка

4. n черта, особенность, штрих

the lines of his character are quite clear — черты его характера ясны

bar line — тактовая черта

dead line — запрещенная черта

division line — дробная черта

fraction line — дробная черта

5. n верёвка, бечёвка

horse line — коновязь

clothes line — верёвка для развешивания и сушки белья

6. n провод

line communication, line transmission — проводная связь; передача сообщений по проводам

line wire — линейный провод

return line — обратный провод

contact line — контактный провод

line conductor — линейный провод

igniter line — проводка зажигания

7. n леса

to be clever with rod and line, to throw a good line — быть хорошим рыболовом

fishing line — леса, леска

trolling line — тролловая леса

timber line — граница распространения леса

8. n мор. линь

seizing line — линь для бензеля

untarred line — несмоленый линь

poop line — линь удавного стропа

haul-up line — линь удавного стропа

line tub — ящик для гарпунного линя

9. n поэт. нить

vortex line — вихревая нить

rubber band line — отрезок типа "резиновая нить"

10. n граница, пограничная линия; предел

boundary line — пограничная линия

sentry line — линия сторожевых постов

shearing line — линия резки ножницами

symmetrical line — симметричная линия

three-wire line — трехпроводная линия

wing split line — линия разъема крыла

11. n морщина, складка

face covered with deep lines — лицо, изборождённое глубокими морщинами

facial line — морщина на лице

line controfling lotion — лосьон от мелких морщин

line controlling lotion — лосьон от мелких морщин

line reduction — сокращение количества мелких морщин

12. n линия ладони

line of fortune — линия судьбы

open-circuit line — разомкнутая линия

scrubbing line — линия чистки и мойки

defrosting line — линия размораживания

dispersionless line — линия без потерь

finishing roll line — отделочная линия

13. n l

14. n контур, очертания; обводы

good lines of the face — красивый абрис лица

fresh-water line — трубопровод пресной воды

sea-water line — трубопровод забортной воды

wave line — линия волн; волнообразный обвод

original water line — первоначальный контур воды

to come on line — включиться в контур управления

15. n план, теоретический чертёж

body line — теоретический чертеж

molded line — теоретическая линия

moulded line — теоретическая линия

frame line — теоретический шпангоут

line plan — контурный план; ситуационный план

16. n ряд, линия

a line of trees — ряд деревьев

transmission line filter — фильтр на отрезках линии передачи

time-division multiplex line — линия с временным уплотнением

smooth line — линия с равномерно распределенными постоянными

single-wire transmission line — однопроводная линия передачи

single-wire line — однопроводная линия; несимметричная линия

17. n строй, ряд

to stand in line — выстроиться или стоять в ряд

booster line — трубка с рядом маленьких горелок

line of pumps — размерный ряд насосов

keeping the line — держащийся в строю

standing in line — стоящий в строю

rivet gauge line — заклепочный ряд

18. n воен. развёрнутый строй

keep the line — держаться в строю

kept the line — держался в строю

stood in line — стоял в строю

order in line — строй в линию

19. n мор. строй фронта

lateral wire line — проводная линия связи по фронту

encroachment line — линия фронта наступающей воды

to go up the line — идти, уходить на фронт

continuous front line — сплошной фронт

lateral line — линия связи по фронту

20. n очередь, хвост

to buy tickets ahead of line — покупать билеты вне очереди

bread line — очередь за пособием по безработице

chow line — очередь у раздаточной

stand in line — стоять в очереди

express line — быстрая очередь

21. n тех. конвейер, поточная линия

the line — линия

bus line — линия шины

flow line — линия сязи

chin line — линия скулы

face line — линия забоя

22. n тех. трубопровод

feed line — трубопровод для подачи кормов

pump discharge line — отливной трубопровод

discharge line — нагнетательный трубопровод

coated pipe line — изолированный трубопровод

leaky line — плохо изолированный трубопровод

line walker — линейный обходчик трубопровода

23. n тех. линия связи

telegraph line — телеграфная линия

long-distance line — междугородная или международная линия

party line — спаренные телефоны; общий провод у нескольких абонентов

hot line

line engaged ! — линия занята!

fold line — линия сгиба

gate line — линия ворот

goal line — линия ворот

knit line — линия стыка

line call — вызов линии

24. n тех. линия сообщения

air line — воздушная линия

a new bus line — новая автобусная линия

steamship line — пароходная линия

low line — нижняя линия

spew line — линия стыка

suture line — линия шва

wind line — линия ветра

back line — задняя линия

25. n тех. линия электросети

line bar — контактный рельс; собирательная шина

ground line — линия земной поверхности

horizontal line — горизонтальная линия

hot-vapor line — пародистилятная линия

in line — входящая линия; входная шина

liberated line — высвободившаяся линия

26. n тех. ж. -д. рельсовый путь

single line — однопутная линия

broad-gauge line — ширококолейный путь

main line — главный путь

branch line — железнодорожная ветка

side line — боковой путь

supply line — путь подвоза

line section — участок пути

avoiding line — обходной путь

travel line — путь следования

27. n тех. экватор

under the line — на экваторе

line of zero dip — магнитный экватор

equinoctial line — небесный экватор

28. n тех. редк. меридиан или параллель

addendum line — окружность выступов или головок

line drawing — рисунок пером или карандашом

dedendum line — окружность впадин или ножек

Duperreys line — линия магнитного меридиана

switch line — отсечная траншея или позиция

29. n тех. направление; курс, путь

line of march — маршрут, путь следования

line of fire — направление стрельбы

off for line — отклонившийся по направлению

materialize a line — провешивать направление

party line — политический курс; линия партии

rhumb line route — линия по пути локсодромии

rhumb line track — линия по пути локсодромии

30. n тех. направление, ход

line of argument — последовательность доводов; ход доказательства

line of scatter — направление рассеивания

materialized a line — провесил направление

line retrace — обратный ход строчной развертки

preliminary transit line — предварительный ход

dispersion in line — рассеивание по направлению

31. n тех. образ действий; линия поведения

to go on wrong lines — пользоваться ошибочными методами

multipoint line — многоточечная линия

nondispersive line — линия без потерь

flame line — излучаемая пламенем линия

ghost line — ложная спектральная линия

grade line — линия продольного профиля

32. n тех. полит. линия; курс

general line of the Party — генеральная линия партии

course line — курс

chord line — линия хорды

drew line — провел линию

end line — лицевая линия

lay line — линия наклада

33. n тех. происхождение, родословная, линия; генеалогия, семья

male line — мужская линия

line of consanguinity — кровное родство

ascending line — родство по восходящей линии

collateral line — родство по боковой линии

a descendant in a direct line — потомок по прямой

line shape — форма линии

nodal line — линия узлов

pure line — чистая линия

red line — красная линия

stream line — линия тока

34. n тех. очерёдность; перспектива

to be third in line for the throne — быть третьим в очерёдности престолонаследования

perspective line — линия перспективы

35. n тех. с. -х. генеалогическая линия

pure-bred line — чистопородная линия

surf line — линия прибоя

busy line — занятая линия

chain line — цепная линия

fair line — плавная линия

fluid line — жидкая линия

36. n тех. короткая записка

just a line to say that all goes well — несколько слов, чтобы только сказать, что всё благополучно

line clear ticket — путевая записка

37. n тех. стих, строчка стиха

line 5 from the top — пятая строчка сверху

he never could pen a line — он не мог написать ни строчки

38. n тех. стихи, стихотворение

39. n тех. школ. «строчки», дополнительное задание

complemented bit line — разрядная линия дополнительного кода

40. n тех. театр. роль, слова роли

the actor was not sure of his lines — актёр нетвёрдо знал роль

line roller — переносный рол

line fishing — лов крючковыми орудиями

line trawler — судно для ярусного лова

cork line — верхняя подбора орудия лова рыбы

dandy line — крючковая снасть для лова сельди

41. n тех. разг. свидетельство о браке

family line — род

fathom line — лот

glue line — клеевой шов

hinge line — ось шарнира

line code — линейный код

42. n тех. медицинское свидетельство

certificate of load line — свидетельство о грузовой марке

43. n тех. род занятий, род деятельности; специальность; область интересов

this is not in my line — это не по моей части

line of business — амплуа актёра

line of duty — исполнение служебного долга

in line of duty — при исполнении служебных обязанностей; на посту

line of activity — направление экономической деятельности

line of profession — профессия; специальность

their family line failed — их род угас

44. n тех. ком. ассортимент; партия товаров; серия изделий

line of goods — ассортимент товаров

make-up removing line — серия изделий для удаления макияжа

mass market line — серия изделий массового ассортимента

seasonal line — серия изделий для определенного сезона

line cologne — одеколон, входящий в парфюмерную серию

hypoallergenic line — серия гипоаллергических изделий

45. n тех. судьба

hard lines! — вот это не повезло!

46. n воен. линия фронта; оборонительный рубеж

the front line — линия фронта

line of defence — оборонительный рубеж

lumped parameter line — линия с сосредоточенными параметрами

lp/mm line pairs per millimetre — количество пар линий на мм

line terminal equipment — оконечное оборудование линии связи

light cutting line indicator — световой указатель линии реза

high-fidelity delay line — высококачественная линия задержки

47. n воен. укреплённая линия

the Maginot line — линия Мажино

butter production line — линия производства сливочного масла

nonrevolving credit line — невозобновляемая кредитная линия

long-wave transmission line — длинноволновая линия передачи

inspection-and-assorting line — линия контроля и сортировки

flexible manufacturing line — гибкая производственная линия

48. n воен. сведения, информация

no-fire line — рубеж безопасности ведения огня

49. n воен. нападающие

50. n воен. пехотные части

heel line — обвод нижней части

path line — траектория частиц жидкости

stray line — часть лаглиня до нулевой марки

51. n воен. амер. строевые войска

line training — строевая подготовка

nuclear-safety line — рубеж безопасного удаления войск

start line of second — рубеж ввода войск

officer of the line — строевой офицер

52. n воен. тлв. строка

line frequency — частота строк

in line with — в согласии, в соответствии с

to act out of line — грубить; скандалить; вести себя вызывающе

by line and level, by rule and line — очень точно; аккуратно, методично

all along the line — во всём, во всех отношениях

he draws the line at armed intervention — он никогда не пойдёт на вооружённое вторжение

to draw a line — подвести черту, положить предел ;

to draw a line under World War II — подвести черту под второй мировой войной

line synchronizing impulses — синхронизирующие сигналы строк

automatic line phasing — Автоматическая синхронизация строк

line advance — перевод строки; переход на следующую строку

continuation line — строка продолжения; строка-продолжение

line overset — излишек букв в строке, переполнение строки

53. v проводить линии; линовать

to line a paper — разлиновать бумагу

downward line of descent — нисходящая генеалогическая линия

column line — линия столбца; линия графы; вертикальная шина

artificial transmission line — искусственная линия передачи

spectral line intensity — интенсивность спектральной линии

parallel line coupler — ответвитель на параллельных линиях

54. v строить, выстраивать в ряд, в линию; устанавливать в ряд

to line troops along a road — выстроить войска вдоль дороги

front line — линия фронта

keel line — килевая линия

lag line — линия задержки

level line — линия уровня

line of flow — линия тока

55. v стоять, тянуться вдоль

crowds of people lined the kerbs — вдоль тротуаров стояли толпы людей

line wells — скважины, расположенные вдоль границ участка

56. v тех. центрировать, выравнивать, правильно устанавливать

orderly line — правильная линия

57. v редк. завязывать, обвязывать бечёвкой, проволокой

wire-cleaning line — линия очистки проволоки

58. v амер. редк. удить

59. v класть на подкладку, подбивать

to line an overcoat with silk — поставить пальто на шёлковую подкладку

head's line — зона Геда

word line — числовая шина

carry line — шина переноса

select line — шина выборки

data bus line — шина данных

60. v служить подкладкой

61. v обивать, обшивать изнутри; выстилать

to line a box — обить сундук

line with foil — выстилать фольгой

62. v покрывать; служить обивкой

tapestries lined the walls — гобелены покрывали все стены; стены были обиты гобеленами

63. v тех. обкладывать, облицовывать

64. v тех. прокладывать

65. v метал. футеровать

66. v разг. наполнять, набивать

Синонимический ряд:

1. border (noun) border; edge; margin

2. cord (noun) cord; rope; twine; wire

3. course (noun) approach; attack; course; method; passage; path; plan; policy; polity; procedure; program; road; route; tack; technique; way

4. dash (noun) band; dash; streak; stripe; stroke

5. family (noun) ancestry; birth; blood; bloodline; descent; extraction; family; genealogy; lineage; origin; parentage; pedigree; relative; seed

6. furrow (noun) crease; crinkle; furrow; wrinkle

7. lie (noun) lie; story

8. merchandise (noun) commodities; goods; merchandise; produce; stock; vendibles; wares

9. occupation (noun) business; calling; discipline; employment; job; occupation; pursuit; racket; trade; vocation; work

10. outline (noun) contour; delineation; figuration; lineament; lineation; outline; profile; silhouette

11. programme (noun) policy; procedure; programme

12. row (noun) column; echelon; file; queue; rank; row; sequence; string; tier

13. adjoin (verb) abut; adjoin; border; butt against; butt on; communicate; join; march; neighbor; touch; verge

14. line up (verb) align; allineate; arrange; line up; marshal; order; range

15. outline (verb) outline; rule; trace

16. pad (verb) embroider; face; pad; panel; paper; quilt

Антонимический ряд:

contents; deviation; disarrange; discontinuance; interruption; solution; space; strip; variation

English-Russian base dictionary > line
11 cross

I 1. [krɒs] [AE krɔːs]
nome

1) (shape) croce f.

the Cross — relig. la Croce

to put a cross against — segnare con una croce [name, item]

"put a cross in the box" — "sbarrate la casella", "segnate la casella con una croce"

2) (hybrid) incrocio m., ibrido m. ( between fra)

a cross between Hitler and Napoleon — fig. un incrocio fra Hitler e Napoleone

3) sart. sbieco m.

to cut sth. on the cross — tagliare qcs. di sbieco

4) sport (in football) cross m., traversone m.
2.
aggettivo

1) (angry) arrabbiato, irritato, di cattivo umore

to be cross with sb. — essere seccato con qcn.

to be cross about sth. — essere di cattivo umore per qcs.

to get cross — arrabbiarsi o adirarsi ( with con)

2) (transverse) [ timber] trasversale, obliquo

3) (contrary to general direction) [breeze, swell] contrario

••

to have a o one's cross to bear — portare la propria croce
II 1. [krɒs] [AE krɔːs]
verbo transitivo

1) (go across) attraversare [road, country, room]; passare, attraversare [ river]; superare, oltrepassare [border, line, mountains]; [ bridge] attraversare, scavalcare [river, road]; [road, railway line, river] tagliare, attraversare [country, desert]; [ line] attraversare, tagliare [ page]

2) fig. superare, oltrepassare [limit, boundary]

it crossed his mind that — gli è venuto in mente che

the thought had crossed my mind — mi era passato per la testa il pensiero ( that che)

the programme crossed the bounds of decency — la trasmissione superò i limiti della decenza

3) (meet) [road, railway line] incrociare, intersecare [road, railway line, river]

to cross each other — incrociarsi

4) (place in shape of a cross) incrociare

to cross one's legs — incrociare o accavallare le gambe

to cross one's arms — incrociare le braccia

5) biol. bot. zool. incrociare, ibridare

6) (oppose) opporsi a, contrastare [ person]

7) (draw line across) (s)barrare [ cheque]
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (anche cross over) (go across) fare una traversata

to cross into Italy — passare in Italia

2) (meet) [roads, railway lines, cars, trains] incrociarsi; [ lines] intersecarsi
3.
verbo riflessivo

to cross oneself — relig. segnarsi, farsi il segno della croce

- cross off

- cross out

••

we seem to have got our wires crossed — sembra che tra noi ci sia stata un'incomprensione

* * *
[kros] I adjective
(angry: I get very cross when I lose something.)

- crossly
II 1. plural - crosses; noun
1) (a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x.)

2) (two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed.)

3) (the symbol of the Christian religion.)

4) (a lasting cause of suffering etc: Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear.)

5) (the result of breeding two varieties of animal or plant: This dog is a cross between an alsatian and a labrador.)

6) (a monument in the shape of a cross.)

7) (any of several types of medal given for bravery etc: the Victoria Cross.)
2. verb
1) (to go from one side to the other: Let's cross (the street); This road crosses the swamp.)

2) ((negative uncross) to place (two things) across each other: He sat down and crossed his legs.)

3) (to go or be placed across (each other): The roads cross in the centre of town.)

4) (to meet and pass: Our letters must have crossed in the post.)

5) (to put a line across: Cross your `t's'.)

6) (to make (a cheque or postal order) payable only through a bank by drawing two parallel lines across it.)

7) (to breed (something) from two different varieties: I've crossed two varieties of rose.)

8) (to go against the wishes of: If you cross me, you'll regret it!)

•

- cross-
- crossing
- crossbow
- cross-breed
- cross-bred
- crosscheck 3. noun
(the act of crosschecking.) controllo accurato, riscontro

- cross-country
- cross-country skiing
- cross-examine
- cross-examination
- cross-eyed
- cross-fire
- at cross-purposes
- cross-refer
- cross-reference
- crossroads
- cross-section
- crossword puzzle
- crossword
- cross one's fingers
- cross out
* * *
cross (1) /krɒs/
n.

1 croce ( segno, oggetto, simbolo): Maltese Cross, croce di Malta; the Cross and the Crescent, la Croce e la Mezzaluna; (mil., in GB) the Distinguished Service Cross, la Croce al Valor Militare; to mark with a cross, segnare con una croce; to put a cross against a name, segnare un nome con una croce

2 (fig.) croce; pena; tribolazione: It's a cross I have to bear, è la mia croce

3 (relig., = sign of the cross) segno della croce

4 (zool., bot.) incrocio; ibrido: The mule is a cross between a mare and an ass, il mulo è l'incrocio d'una cavalla con un asino

5 (fig.) incrocio; via di mezzo; (un) misto: The taste is a cross between yoghurt and cream cheese, il sapore è una via di mezzo tra lo yogurt e il formaggio burroso

6 (archit.) crociera: cross vault, volta a crociera

7 (mecc.) crociera; raccordo a croce

8 taglio ( di una lettera alta): the cross of a ‘t’, il taglio di una ‘t’

9 ( boxe) cross; gancio d'incontro

10 ( calcio, ecc.) cross; diagonale; traversone (al centro)

11 ( tennis) cross; colpo incrociato; diagonale (sost. m.)

12 (leg. fam. USA) controinterrogatorio

13 ( slang USA) doppio gioco; tradimento; imbroglio

● (relig.) cross-bearer, portatore di croce; crocifero □ cross-shaped, cruciforme □ to make one's cross, fare una croce ( in luogo della firma) □ on the cross, diagonalmente; ( anche sartoria) di sbieco; (fam. USA) (in modo) disonesto □ (stor.) to take the cross, farsi crociato □ (fig.) to take up one's cross, accettare (con rassegnazione) la propria croce.
cross (2) /krɒs/
a.

1 arrabbiato; irritato; di cattivo umore; iroso: to be cross with sb., essere arrabbiato con q.; a cross word, una parola irosa

2 trasversale; in diagonale; obliquo; di traverso: a cross stroke, un frego di traverso

3 che attraversa; attraverso (avv.): a cross-Channel ferry, un traghetto che attraversa la Manica

4 incrociato: cross-correlation, correlazione incrociata

5 (bot., zool.) incrociato; ibrido: cross-pollination, pollinazione incrociata

6 a forma di croce

7 avverso; contrario; sfavorevole: cross winds, venti contrari

● ( Si veda anche sotto i singoli lemmi) (leg.) cross appeal, appello incidentale □ (naut.) cross bearing, rilevamento incrociato □ (geol.) cross-bedding, stratificazione incrociata □ (polit., GB) cross bench, banco di deputato indipendente ( alla Camera dei Lord) □ (polit., GB) cross-bencher, deputato indipendente □ cross-border, transfrontaliero; tra Stati confinanti; con l'estero; estero; straniero: (fin.) cross-border merger, incorporazione di società straniere; cross-border worker, frontaliere □ (edil.) cross bracing, controvento □ (leg.) cross-claim, domanda riconvenzionale □ (comput.) cross compiler, compilatore incrociato □ ( boxe) cross counter, colpo d'incontro □ (GB) cross-curricular, multidisciplinare □ cross-dating, datazione incrociata □ (med.) cross-dominance, lateralità incrociata □ (rag.) cross entry, trasferimento d'una somma ad altro conto □ cross hairs, reticolo ( di arma da fuoco o su schermo di computer) □ (mecc.) cross-head screwdriver, giravite a testa obliqua □ (fin.) cross holding, partecipazione incrociata □ (chim.) cross link, legame trasversale □ (med.) cross-matching technique, tecnica della prova crociata ( del sangue) □ (fin.) cross participation, partecipazione incrociata □ (mecc.) cross-peen hammer, martello da meccanico □ (mat.) cross product, prodotto vettoriale □ (fin.) cross rate, corso ( di cambio) indiretto; parità indiretta □ (mat.) cross ratio, birapporto □ ( sport) cross shot, ( calcio) tiro trasversale, traversone; ( tennis, ecc.) tiro angolato □ ( USA) cross street, (strada) traversa □ cross stroke, frego ( a penna); ( sport: golf, ecc.) tiro trasversale □ (polit.) cross voting, voto trasversale □ cross wires, reticolo □ (fam. GB) as cross as two sticks, irritatissimo; d'umore nero □ at cross purposes, senza capirsi; fraintendendosi: to talk at cross purposes, parlare senza capirsi; fraintendersi.
♦ (to) cross /krɒs/
A v. t.

1 attraversare: to cross a road [the sea], attraversare una strada [il mare]

2 attraversare; passare su; passare per: A worried look crossed her face, un'espressione preoccupata le si disegnò sul viso; It has never crossed my mind, non mi è mai passato per la testa

3 oltrepassare; superare: to cross the gender divide, superare le differenze di sesso; to cross the bounds of decency, superare i limiti della decenza

4 incrociare; intersecare; tagliare; sbarrare: to cross two wires, incrociare due fili; Broadway crosses Seventh Avenue at Times Square, Broadway interseca la Settima Avenue a Times Square; to cross one's «t's», tagliare le (o fare il taglietto alle) «t»; to cross one's arms, incrociare le braccia; to cross one's legs, incrociare le gambe; ( su una sedia) accavallare le gambe; to cross one's fingers, incrociare le dita ( per scaramanzia); My previous letter crossed yours, la mia lettera precedente ha incrociato la tua; to cross each other, incrociarsi; intersecarsi

5 fare una croce su; sbarrare: to cross a name, fare una croce su un nome; to cross a ballot paper, mettere la croce su una scheda elettorale; ( banca) to cross a cheque, sbarrare un assegno

6 contrariare; contrastare; opporsi a: Nobody likes to be crossed, a nessuno piace essere contrariato; to cross sb. 's plans, contrastare i piani di q.

7 (bot., zool.) incrociare, ibridare

8 ( sport) ( della palla) oltrepassare, superare ( la linea laterale, ecc.)

9 ( nelle corse) tagliare ( il traguardo)

10 ( calcio, ecc.) crossare ( la palla)

B v. i.

1 fare una traversata: I crossed by hovercraft from Ramsgate to Calais, feci la traversata sull'hovercraft da Ramsgate a Calais

2 andare, recarsi ( attraversando un confine, il mare, ecc.); passare; entrare: We crossed into Austria, siamo entrati in Austria

3 incrociarsi: We crossed on the street, ci siamo incrociati per strada; Our letters crossed in the post, le nostre lettere si sono incrociate

4 intersecarsi; tagliarsi: lines that do not cross, rette che non s'intersecano

5 ( calcio, ecc.) crossare; fare un cross; traversare (al centro); centrare

6 ( tennis) incrociare

● Cross!, avanti! ( ai semafori pedonali) □ (polit., GB) to cross the floor, passare all'opposizione (o dalla parte del governo); votare per il partito avverso □ to cross sb. 's hand = to cross sb.'s palm ► sotto □ to cross one's heart, mettersi una mano sul cuore ( per asseverare): Cross my heart ( and hope to die)!, mi venga un colpo ( se non è vero, se sono stato io, ecc.) □ (relig.) to cross oneself, farsi il segno della croce; segnarsi □ (fig.) to cross sb. 's palm with silver, dare soldi a ( una chiromante, ecc., che legge la mano); (scherz.) ungere q., allungare una bustarella a q. □ to cross sb. 's path, trovarsi sulla strada di q.; sbarrare la strada a q. □ (fig.) to cross one's «t's» and dot one's «i's», controllare tutti i dettagli; essere molto preciso □ ( anche fig.) to cross swords with sb., incrociare la spada con q. □ (fig.) We'll cross that bridge when we come to it, ci occuperemo di quella faccenda quando sarà il momento.

* * *
I 1. [krɒs] [AE krɔːs]
nome

1) (shape) croce f.

the Cross — relig. la Croce

to put a cross against — segnare con una croce [name, item]

"put a cross in the box" — "sbarrate la casella", "segnate la casella con una croce"

2) (hybrid) incrocio m., ibrido m. ( between fra)

a cross between Hitler and Napoleon — fig. un incrocio fra Hitler e Napoleone

3) sart. sbieco m.

to cut sth. on the cross — tagliare qcs. di sbieco

4) sport (in football) cross m., traversone m.
2.
aggettivo

1) (angry) arrabbiato, irritato, di cattivo umore

to be cross with sb. — essere seccato con qcn.

to be cross about sth. — essere di cattivo umore per qcs.

to get cross — arrabbiarsi o adirarsi ( with con)

2) (transverse) [ timber] trasversale, obliquo

3) (contrary to general direction) [breeze, swell] contrario

••

to have a o one's cross to bear — portare la propria croce
II 1. [krɒs] [AE krɔːs]
verbo transitivo

1) (go across) attraversare [road, country, room]; passare, attraversare [ river]; superare, oltrepassare [border, line, mountains]; [ bridge] attraversare, scavalcare [river, road]; [road, railway line, river] tagliare, attraversare [country, desert]; [ line] attraversare, tagliare [ page]

2) fig. superare, oltrepassare [limit, boundary]

it crossed his mind that — gli è venuto in mente che

the thought had crossed my mind — mi era passato per la testa il pensiero ( that che)

the programme crossed the bounds of decency — la trasmissione superò i limiti della decenza

3) (meet) [road, railway line] incrociare, intersecare [road, railway line, river]

to cross each other — incrociarsi

4) (place in shape of a cross) incrociare

to cross one's legs — incrociare o accavallare le gambe

to cross one's arms — incrociare le braccia

5) biol. bot. zool. incrociare, ibridare

6) (oppose) opporsi a, contrastare [ person]

7) (draw line across) (s)barrare [ cheque]
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (anche cross over) (go across) fare una traversata

to cross into Italy — passare in Italia

2) (meet) [roads, railway lines, cars, trains] incrociarsi; [ lines] intersecarsi
3.
verbo riflessivo

to cross oneself — relig. segnarsi, farsi il segno della croce

- cross off

- cross out

••

we seem to have got our wires crossed — sembra che tra noi ci sia stata un'incomprensione

English-Italian dictionary > cross
12 town

[taun]
n

город, городок

They rebuilt many ruined towns. — Они заново отстроили многие города, разрушенные войной.

The town was completely destroyed. — Город был совершенно разрушен.

What brought you to town today? — Что тебя сегодня привело в город?

The flood threatened the town. — Городу угрожало наводнение.

- big town
- chief towns
- oriental town
- small town
- strange town
- a border town

- port town
- deserted town
- ghost town
- medium-sized town
- trading town
- mining town
- noisy town
- besieged town
- neglected town
- rebuilt town
- market town
- shanty town
- rapidly growing town
- densely populated town
- out-of-the-way town
- typically southern town
- third largest town
- well-planned layed-out town
- town library
- town authorities
- town services
- a town council

- town water supply
- town with little population
- town with the population of 20 thousand inhabitants
- a town on the sea

- town on the river
- town at the foot of the mountain
- town across the river
- the people of the town

- utility service of the town
- heating system of the town
- sights of interest of the town
- bird's eye view of the town
- within the town
- north of the town

- outside the borders of the town
- out of town
- on the outskirts of the town
- wander about a town
- restore a town
- raise the town from the ashes
- go to town
- move to town
- drive about the town
- short of the town
- be town bred
- live in town
- build up develop new areas of the town
- come down from town
- lay out plan a town
- settle down in a town
- show smb around the town
- defend the town
- visit a town
- enclose the town with a wall
- go sightseeing around the town
- attack a town
- lose one's way in the town
- found out a town
- secure a town against assault
- protect the town
- find one's way in a town
- capture a town
- conquer a town
- take the town by surprise
- lay siege to the town
- raze the town out
- sweep the town from the face of the earth
- town lies on a hill
- town is located on both banks of the river
- town stretches along the bank of the river
- town is named after...
- town is famous for its architecture
- town borders on a forest
- town withstood the siege
- town fell
- town passes over from hands to hands
- town passed over to the enemy
USAGE:

(1.) Существительное town противопоставлено существительному city. Существительное city обозначает большой, промышленный город или город, независимо от его размеров, в котором есть собор. (2.) Существительное town, обозначающее "не в деревне", "не в сельской местности", употребляется без артикля в оборотах типа to go to town, go out of town, be in town, live in town. (3.) Русское выражение "поехать за город" соответствует английскому выражению to go to the country

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > town
13 τρέφω

τρέφω, Il.5.52, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] τράφω (v. sub voce); [ per.] 1sg. opt.

A τρέφοιν E.Fr. 903
: [tense] fut. θρέψω h.Ven. 257
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἔθρεψα, [dialect] Ep. θρέψα Il.2.548
: [tense] aor. 2 ἔτρᾰφον (v. infr. B): [tense] pf. τέτροφα intr., Od.23.237, ([etym.] συν-) Hp.Morb.Sacr. 11; but trans., S.OC 186 (lyr.); also τέτρᾰφα Plb.12.25h
.5:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. θρέψομαι in pass. sense, Hp.Genit.9, Nat.Puer. 23, Th.7.49, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐθρεψάμην Pi.O.6.46
, A.Ch. 928, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. τρᾰφήσομαι Ps.-D.60.32, D.H.8.41, etc., but in early writers in med. form θρέψομαι (v. supr.): [tense] aor. 1 ἐθρέφθην, [dialect] Ep. θρέφθη Hes.Th. 198
, rare in Trag. and [dialect] Att., E.Hec. 351, 600, Pl.Plt. 310a; ἐθράφθη IG12(9).286
(Eretria, vi B. C.): [tense] aor. 2 ἐτράφην [pron. full] [ᾰ] Hom. (sed v. infr. B), A.Th. 754 (lyr.), Ar.Av. 335 (lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἔτραφεν, τράφεν, Il.23.348, 1.251: [tense] pf. τέθραμμαι Hp.Nat.Hom.5
, E.Heracl. 578, etc.; [ per.] 2pl. τέθραφθε Pl.Lg. 625a
(but συντέτραφθε [s. v. l.] in X.Cyr.6.4.14); inf. τεθράφθαι Pl.Grg. 525a
, X.HG2.3.24 (in both with v. l. τετρ-).

I thicken or congeal a liquid, γάλα θρέψαι curdle it, Od.9.246; τρέφε ([tense] impf.) πίονατυρόν Theoc.25.106
:—[voice] Pass., with [tense] pf.[voice] Act. τέτροφα, curdle, congeal, γάλα τρεφόμενον τυρὸν ἐργάζεσθαι Ael.NA16.32
; περὶ χροΐ τέτροφεν ἅλμη Od.23.237
.

II usu., cause to grow or increase, bring up, rear, esp. of children bred and brought up in a house, ὅ σ' ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα Il.8.283
; ἥ μ' ἔτεχ', ἥ μ' ἔθρεψε Od.2.131
, cf. 12.134; εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδ' ἀτίταλλεν Il.16.191
, cf. Od.19.354; ἐγώ σ' ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω A.Ch. 908
, cf. Supp. 894; μέχρι ἥβης τ. Th.2.46
; γεννᾶν καὶ τ. Pl.Plt. 274a
; τ. τε καὶ αὔξειν μέγαν Id.R. 565c
: c. acc. cogn., τ. τινὰ τροφήν τινα bring up in a certain way, Hdt.2.2; also τῶν πρώτων μαθημάτων, ἐν οἷς οἱ παλαιοὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔτρεφον Gal.16.691
:—[voice] Med., rear for oneself, θρέψαιό τε φαίδιμον υἱόν Od.19.368
; αὐτὸν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες Pi.O.6.46
; τεκοῦσα τόνδ' ὄφιν ἐθρεψάμην A.Ch. 928
; οἱ γεννήσαντες καὶ θρεψάμενοι Pl.Lg. 717c
; τεκὼν ἀρετὴν καὶ θ. Id.Smp. 212a
; ἔτεκον μὲν ὑμᾶς πολεμίοις δ' ἐθρεψάμην ὕβρισμα E.HF 458
:—[voice] Pass., to be reared, grow up, ὅς μοι τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ Il.9.143
; τῇ ὁμοῦ ἐτρεφόμην Od.15.365
; ἅμα τράφεν ἠδ' ἐγένοντο Il.1.251
, etc.; κάρτιστοι τράφεν ἀνδρῶν grew up the strongest men, ib. 266:—prop. a boy was called τρεφόμενος only so long as he remained in the charge of the women, i. e. till his fifth year, Hdt.1.136; ἐξ ὅτου 'τράφην ἐγώ from the time when I left the nursery, Ar.Av. 322; but even of pre-natal growth, ἐν σκότοισινηδύος τεθραμμένη A.Eu. 665
, cf. Th. 754 (lyr.):—generally, in Trag., τραφεὶς μητρὸς εὐγενοῦς ἄπο S.Aj. 1229
; ὅπως πατρὸς δείξεις οἷος ἐξ οἵου τράφης ib. 557; κρατίστου πατρὸς.. τραφείς Id.Ph.3
: παῖδες μητέρων τεθραμμέναι true nurslings of your mothers, implying a reproach for unmanliness (s. v.l.), A.Th. 792; μιᾶς τρέφει πρὸς νυκτός art nursed by night alone, i. e. art blind, S.OT 374.

2 of slaves, cattle, dogs and the like , rear and keep them, κύνας Il.22.69
, Od.14.22, etc.; ἵππους Il.2.766
; λέοντος ἶνιν (v. σίνις) A.Ag. 717 (lyr.); μῆλα Id.Eu. 946
(lyr.); ὄφιν S.Fr. 226
(cj. for στρέφουσι) ; ἰκτῖνα Ar. Fr. 628
; ὄρτυγας Eup.214
; ὄρνιθας Pl.Tht. 197c
; οἱ τρέφοντες (sc. τοὺς ἐλέφαντας ) the keepers, Arist.HA 571b33; τ. παιδαγωγούς Aeschin.1.187
; also τ. γυναῖκα E.IA 749
; τ. [ἑταίραν], [πόρνας], keep.., Antiph. 2, Diph. 87; ὁ τρέφων one's master, Nicol.Com.1.11,36: metaph., αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει he keeps a sea-beach in the house, Ar.V. 110:—[voice] Pass., to be bred, reared, δοῦλος οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλ' οἴκοι τραφείς S.OT 1123
; ἐν τῇ σῇ οἰκίᾳ γέγονεν καὶ τέθραπται was born and bred, Pl.Men. 85e; Ἀγαθῖνον θρεμένον (i. e. τεθρεμμένον, = θρεπτόν, v. θρεπτός 1) ἑαυτῶν MAMA4.275
B (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.); Νείκην τὴν θρεμένην μου ib.276 A (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.).

3 tend, cherish, τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον, of Calypso, Od.5.135, cf. 7.256; of plants, Il.17.53; θρέψασα φυτὸν ὥς 18.57
, cf. Od.14.175.

4 of parts of the body, let grow, cherish, foster, χαίτην.. Σπερχειῷ τρέφε Il.23.142
; τῷ θεῷ [πλόκαμον] τ. E.Ba. 494
; ὑπήνην ἄκουρον τ. Ar.V. 476
(lyr.); τ. κόμην, = κομᾶν, Hdt.1.82; [τρίχες] πολλῷ ἐλαίῳ τραφεῖσαι Hero Bel. 112
: also τά θ' ὕεσσι τρέφει ἀλοιφήν things which put fat on swine, Od.13.410; τεθραμμένη εἰς πολυσαρκίαν X.Mem.2.1.22
.

5 in Poets, of earth and sea, breed, produce, teem with, οὐδὲν ἀκιδνότερον γαῖα τ. ἀνθρώποιο Od.18.130
; ἄγρια, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη Il.5.52
; φάρμακα, ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών 11.741
; ὅσ' ἤπειρος.. τρέφει ἠδὲ θάλασσα Hes.Th. 582
; πολλὰ γᾶ τρέφει δεινά A.Ch. 585
(lyr.), cf. 128, E.Hec. 1181; θάλασσα.. τρέφουσα πορφύρας ἰσάργυρον κηκῖδα A.Ag. 959
; ὃν πόντος τ., i. e. the sailors, Pi.I.1.48: rare in Prose, ἀεί τι ἡ Αιβύη τρέφει καινόν Arist. GA 746b8
.

6 in Poets also, simply, have within oneself, contain, ὅ τι καὶ πόλις τέτροφεν ἄφιλον S.OC 186
(lyr.), cf. Tr. 817; τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχαιτέραν to keep his tongue more quiet, Id.Ant. 1089; ἡ γλῶσσα τὸν θυμὸν δεινὸν τ. Id.Aj. 1124
; τἀληθὲς γὰρ ἰσχῦον τρέφω Id.OT 356
(so in Pl., τ. ἰσχυρὸν τὸ ἐλεινόν R. 606b
); τ. νόσον S. Ph. 795
; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τ. Id.Tr.28
; ἄταν Id.Aj. 644
(lyr.); οἵας λατρείας.. τρέφει what services.. she has as her lot, ib. 503; ἐν ἐλπίσιν τρέφω.. ἥξειν I cherish hopes that.., Id.Ant. 897; τὸν Καδμογενῆ τρέφει.. βιότου πολύπονον [πέλαγος] is his daily lot, Id.Tr. 117 (lyr., but Reiske's cj. στρέφει is prob.); πόνοι τρέφοντες βροτούς E.Hipp. 367
(lyr.).

III maintain, support, τ. ἀνδρὸς μόχθος ἡμένας ἔσω A.Ch. 921
, cf. Pi.O.9.106; τοῦ τρέφοντος Ἡλίου χθονὸς φύσιν A.Ag. 633
; τ. τὸν πατέρα Aeschin.1.13
; τὴν οἰκίαν ὅλην D.59.67
; οὐ δίκαιον τρέφεσθαι ὑπὸ πατρὸς ὑὸν ἡβῶντα Pl.R. 568e
; τὰ κτήνη χιλῷ ἐτρέφοντο X.An.4.5.25
; γάλακτι, τυρῷ, κρέασι τ., Id.Mem. 4.3.10; σίτῳ, ὄψῳ, Id.Lac.1.3; feed a patient, Gal.15.503, 19.185; provide the food for an employee, σοῦ τρέφοντος αὐτόν, ἐμοῦ δὲ ἱματίζοντος αὐτόν BGU1647.14
(ii A. D.); also τ. ἀπό τινος Pl.Prt. 313c
, X.HG2.1.1; ἔκ τινος A.Ag. 1479
(lyr.), cf. Pl.R. 372b.

2 maintain an army or fleet, Th.4.83, X.An.1.1.9 ([voice] Pass.); τ. τὰς ναῦς Th. 8.44
, X.HG1.5.5, 5.1.24; τ. τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων ib.4.8.9; ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν τρέφεσθαι Id.An.7.4.11
, etc.

3 of land, feed, maintain one, τρέφει γὰρ οὗτος [ὁ ἀγρὸς].. με Philem.98.2
, cf. Men.63, 466, al.

4 of women, feed or suckle an infant, συνεξομοιοῦται τὰ τρεφόμενα ταῖς τρεφούσαις Sor.1.88
; γυνὴ τρέφουσα ib.87; ἡ τρέφουσα, = ἡ τροφός, Gal.6.44.

5 of food, nourish, τὰ Ἡρακλεωτικὰ τρέφει οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀμυγδάλοις Diocl.Fr.126
, cf. 117; ἡ οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως τῷ σώματι διδομένη τροφὴ οὐ τρέφει Sor.1.49
; πυρῶν.. ὅσοι κοῦφοι.. ἧττον τρέφουσι Gal.Vict.Att 6
; τὸ δέρμα πᾶν αὐτοῖς ὡς ἂν ὑπὸ φλεγματ ώδους αἵματος τρεφόμενον οἰδαλέον γίνεται Id.18(2).118
, cf. 106.

IV bring up, rear, educate, Hes.Fr.19, Pi.N.3.53, etc.; τῷ λόγῳ τ. καὶ παιδεύεις Pl.R. 534d
; θρέψαι καὶ παιδεῦσαι D.59.18
; Δήμητερ ἡ θρέψασα τὴν ἐμὴν φρένα A.Fr. 479
; ἡ θρέψασα (sc. γῆ ) the motherland, Lycurg. 47:—[voice] Med., ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤθεσιν Pl.Lg. 695e
; ἡ θρεψαμένη one's motherland, Lycurg.85:—[voice] Pass., ὀρθῶς, εὖ τραφῆναι, Pl. R. 401e, Alc.1.120e; παιδείᾳ, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ παιδείᾳ τ., Id.Lg.695c, X. Cyn.1.16; ἐν πολυτρόποις ξυμφοραῖς Th.2.44
; ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Pl.Tht. 172c
; ἐν χλιδῇ X.Cyr.4.5.54
; ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ Pl.Tht. 175d
, Mx. 239a; ἐν ἄλλοις νόμοις Arist.Pol. 1327a14
; ἐν φωνῇ βαρβάρῳ Pl.Prt. 341c
; πάσαις Μούσαισι BCH50.444
(Thespiae, iv A. D.).

V the [voice] Pass. sts. came to mean little more than to be, ἐπ' ἐμοὶ πολέμιον ἐτράφη (sc. τὸ γένος) Ar.Av. 335 (lyr.), cf. Th. 141, S.OC 805.

B Hom. uses an intr. [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act. ἔτραφον in pass. sense (which is to τρέφομαι, τέτροφα (intr.) as ἔδρακον to δέρκομαι, δέδορκα, etc.), ὃς.. ἔτραφ' ἄριστος Il.21.279
; λέοντε ἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρί 5.555
; τραφέμεν ([dialect] Ep. for τραφεῖν) 7.199, Od.3.28, al.; ἐπεὶ τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ, i. e. when he was well-grown, Il.2.661:—as trans. the [tense] aor. 2 is used by Hom. only in Il.23.90, and τράφε in Pi.N.3.53 is [dialect] Dor. [tense] impf.:— ἐτράφην is perh. post-Homeric; [ per.] 3sg. τράφη is v. l. in Il.2.661, [ per.] 1pl. ἐτράφημεν and [ per.] 1sg. ἐτράφην ([etym.] περ) vv. ll. in 23.84; τράφη is in all codd. of 3.201, 11.222, which should prob. be emended from 2.661; [ per.] 3pl. ἔτραφεν 23.348
(v.l. ἔτραφον), Od.10.417 (v.l. ἔτραφον) ; τράφεν in all codd. of Il.1.251, 266, Od.14.201, also (with v. l. τράφον ) in 4.723: the vox nihili ἐτράφεμεν, found in Il.23.84 as cited by Aeschin.1.149, was emended by Scaliger to ἐτράφομεν:—the redupl. [ per.] 3sg. τέτραφ' Il.21.279
, [ per.] 3pl. τέτραφεν 23.348
, are ff. ll., though found in many codd. Later this [tense] aor. became obsolete, except in [dialect] Ep. imitators, as in Call.Jov.55, Opp.H.1.774.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τρέφω
14 cross

kros
I adjective
(angry: I get very cross when I lose something.) enfadado, cabreado, enojado, malhumorado

- crossly

II
1. plural - crosses; noun
1) (a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x.) cruz

2) (two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed.) cruz

3) (the symbol of the Christian religion.) cruz

4) (a lasting cause of suffering etc: Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear.) cruz

5) (the result of breeding two varieties of animal or plant: This dog is a cross between an alsatian and a labrador.) cruce, híbrido

6) (a monument in the shape of a cross.) cruz

7) (any of several types of medal given for bravery etc: the Victoria Cross.) cruz

2. verb
1) (to go from one side to the other: Let's cross (the street); This road crosses the swamp.) cruzar, atravesar

2) ((negative uncross) to place (two things) across each other: He sat down and crossed his legs.) cruzar

3) (to go or be placed across (each other): The roads cross in the centre of town.) cruzarse

4) (to meet and pass: Our letters must have crossed in the post.) cruzarse

5) (to put a line across: Cross your `t's'.) tachar

6) (to make (a cheque or postal order) payable only through a bank by drawing two parallel lines across it.) cruzar

7) (to breed (something) from two different varieties: I've crossed two varieties of rose.) cruzar

8) (to go against the wishes of: If you cross me, you'll regret it!) contrariar

•

- cross-
- crossing
- crossbow
- cross-breed
- cross-bred
- crosscheck
3. noun
(the act of crosschecking.) verificación (comparando con otras fuentes)

- cross-country
- cross-country skiing
- cross-examine
- cross-examination
- cross-eyed
- cross-fire
- at cross-purposes
- cross-refer
- cross-reference
- crossroads
- cross-section
- crossword puzzle
- crossword
- cross one's fingers
- cross out

cross¹ adj enfadado

he was very cross with me se enfadó mucho conmigo

cross² n cruz

the teacher put a cross by the wrong answers el profesor hizo una cruz al lado de las respuestas incorrectas

El plural de cross se escribe crosses

cross³ vb cruzar / atravesar

they crossed the road cruzaron la calle

cross /kros/ sustantivo masculino
a) ( deporte — en atletismo) cross-country running;
(— en motociclismo) motocross
b) ( carrera — a pie) cross country, cross-country race;
(— en moto) motocross race ' cross' also found in these entries: Spanish: adelantar - anticipar - atravesar - bizca - bizco - bizquear - calentar - calvario - campo - cantero - cariño - corte - cruce - cruzar - crucero - cruz - cruzada - cruzado - cruzarse - cuestación - ser - esquí - fondo - formón - franquear - magín - molesta - molesto - mosqueada - mosqueado - ojo - pasar - perfil - persignarse - por - precaución - rebote - reventar - salvar - santiguarse - sección - surcar - tachar - transversal - traspasar - vía crucis - aspa - bies - cabeza - centrar English: bridge - cross - cross off - cross out - cross-country - cross-examine - cross-eyed - cross-legged - cross-reference - cross-section - cross-stitch - double-cross - form - hold on - path - picket-line - see - Southern Cross - square - unsafe - against - bar - cut - double - finger - get - pass - red - shape - span - squint - two

cross

tr[krɒs]

noun

1 (gen) cruz nombre femenino

2 SMALLBIOLOGY/SMALL (hybrid) cruce nombre masculino

3 figurative use (mixture) mezcla, cruce nombre masculino

■ it's a cross between heavy rock and rap es una mezcla de rock duro y rap

4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in football) pase nombre masculino cruzado

5 SMALLSEWING/SMALL sesgo

■ cut on the cross cortado al sesgo

6 (source of worry etc) cruz nombre femenino

■ we all have our cross to bear todos llevamos nuestra cruz

transitive verb

1 (street, river, bridge, etc) cruzar, atravesar; (arms, legs) cruzar

2 (cheque) cruzar

3 SMALLBIOLOGY/SMALL (animal, plant) cruzar

4 (thwart - person) contrariar; (- plans, wishes) frustrar

5 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (pass - ball) cruzar

intransitive verb

1 (walk across) cruzar ( over, -); (intersect, pass each another) cruzarse

■ they crossed into Spain pasaron la frontera a España

adjective

1 (angry) enojado,-a, enfadado,-a, furioso,-a

■ he makes me so cross me da tanta rabia

2 (transverse) cruzado,-a, transversal; (winds) lateral

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

cross my heart (and hope to die) te lo juro

fingers crossed con los dedos cruzados

to cross one's mind ocurrírsele a uno

■ it has crossed my mind that... se me ha ocurrido que...

to cross oneself santiguarse, persignarse, hacer la señal de la cruz

to cross swords with somebody pelearse con alguien, reñir con alguien

to get cross about something enfadarse por algo

to have/get a crossed line (on phone) haberse cruzado las líneas

to have/get one's lines/wires crossed no hablar de lo mismo

cross ['krɔs] vt

1) : cruzar, atravesar

to cross the street: cruzar la calle

several canals cross the city: varios canales atraviesan la ciudad

2) cancel: tachar, cancelar

he crossed his name off the list: tachó su nombre de la planilla

3) interbreed: cruzar (en genética)

cross adj

1) : que atraviesa

cross ventilation: ventilación que atraviesa un cuarto

2) contrary: contrario, opuesto

cross purposes: objetivos opuestos

3) angry: enojado, de mal humor

cross n

1) : cruz f

the sign of the cross: la señal de la cruz

2) : cruza f (en biología)

cross

adj.

• arisco, -a adj.

• crepo, -a adj.

• cruzado, -a adj.

• malhumorado, -a adj.

• opuesto, -a adj.

• transversal adj.

• travesero, -a adj.

• travieso, -a adj.

n.

(§ pl.: crosses) = aspa s.f.

• calvario s.m.

• cruce s.m.

• cruz s.f.

v.

• contrariar v.

• cruzar v.

• franquear v.

• pasar v.

• recorrer v.

I krɔːs, krɒs
noun

1)

a) ( Relig) cruz f

to make the sign of the cross — hacer* la señal de la cruz; ( cross oneself) persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

we all have our cross to bear — todos cargamos con or llevamos nuestra cruz

b) (mark, sign) cruz f

2) ( hybrid) ( Biol) cruce m, cruza f (AmL)

a cross between anger and disbelief — una mezcla de ira e incredulidad

3) ( Sport)

a) ( in soccer) pase m cruzado

b) ( in boxing) cruzado m, cross m

II
1.

transitive verb

1) ( go across) \<\<road\>\> cruzar*; \<\<river/desert\>\> cruzar*, atravesar*

it crossed my mind that... — se me ocurrió que..., me pasó por la cabeza que...

2) \<\<arms/legs\>\> cruzar*

we have a crossed line — ( Telec) se han cruzado las líneas, está ligado (Arg, Ven)

to have one's lines o wires crossed — (colloq)

I think maybe we've got our wires crossed — me parece que no hablamos de lo mismo

3) ( put line through)

to cross the t — ponerle* el palito a la t

4) (BrE Fin) \<\<cheque\>\> cruzar*

5) \<\<plants/breeds\>\> cruzar*

to cross something WITH something — cruzar* algo con algo

6) ( go against) \<\<person\>\> contrariar*; \<\<plans\>\> frustrar

7) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> cruzar*, tirar cruzado

2.

vi

a) ( walk across road) cruzar*

to cross over (the road) — cruzar* (la calle)

b) \<\<paths/roads\>\> cruzarse*; \<\<letters\>\> cruzarse*

3.

v refl

to cross oneself — persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

Phrasal Verbs:

- cross off

- cross out

III

adjective -er, -est (esp BrE) enojado (esp AmL), enfadado (esp Esp)

to get cross — enojarse (esp AmL), enfadarse (esp Esp)

it makes me cross — me da rabia

to be cross ABOUT something — estar* enojado or (esp Esp) enfadado por algo

[krɒs]
1. N

1) (=sign, decoration) cruz f

to sign with a cross — marcar con una cruz

to make the sign of the cross — hacer la señal de la cruz ( over sobre); santiguarse

the Cross — (Rel) la Cruz

to bear a/one's cross —

we each have our cross to bear — cada quien carga su cruz

it's one of the crosses we women have to bear — es una de las cruces que tenemos las mujeres

2) (Bio, Zool) cruce m, cruzamiento m ; (fig) mezcla f

it's a cross between a horse and a donkey — es un cruce or cruzamiento de caballo y burro

the game is a cross between squash and tennis — el juego es una mezcla de squash y tenis, el juego está a medio camino entre el squash y el tenis

3) (=bias)

cut on the cross — cortado al bies or al sesgo

4) (Ftbl) centro m, pase m cruzado

2. ADJ

1) (=angry) enfadado, enojado (LAm); (=vexed) molesto

to be/get cross with sb (about sth) — enfadarse or (LAm) enojarse con algn (por algo)

it makes me cross when that happens — me da mucha rabia que pase eso

don't be/get cross with me — no te enfades or (LAm) enojes conmigo

they haven't had a cross word in ten years — no han cruzado palabra en diez años, llevan diez años sin cruzar palabra

2) (=diagonal etc) transversal, oblicuo

3. VT

1) (=go across) [person] [+ road, room] cruzar; [+ bridge] cruzar, pasar; [+ ditch] cruzar, salvar; [+ river, sea, desert] cruzar, atravesar; [+ threshold] cruzar, traspasar

this road crosses the motorway — esta carretera atraviesa la autopista

the bridge crosses the river here — el puente atraviesa el río por aquí

it crossed my mind that... — se me ocurrió que...

they have clearly crossed the boundary into terrorism — está claro que han traspasado la frontera que separa del terrorismo

the word never crossed his lips — jamás pronunció esa palabra

a smile crossed her lips — una sonrisa se dibujó en sus labios, esbozó una sonrisa

we'll cross that bridge when we come to it — (fig) no anticipemos problemas

2) (=draw line across) [+ cheque] cruzar

crossed cheque — (Brit) cheque m cruzado

to cross o.s. — santiguarse

cross my heart! — (in promise) ¡te lo juro!

to cross a "t" — poner el rabito a la "t"

3) (=place crosswise) [+ arms, legs] cruzar

keep your fingers crossed for me — ¡deséame suerte!

I got a crossed line — (Telec) había (un) cruce de líneas

they got their lines crossed — (fig) hubo un malentendido entre ellos

- cross sb's palm with silver

- cross swords with sb
wire 1., 1)
4) (=thwart) [+ person] contrariar, ir contra; [+ plan] desbaratar

to be crossed in love — sufrir un fracaso sentimental

5) [+ animals, plants] cruzar

4. VI

1) (=go to other side) cruzar, ir al otro lado

he crossed from one side of the room to the other to speak to me — cruzó or atravesó la sala para hablar conmigo, fue hasta el otro lado de la sala para hablar conmigo

to cross from Newhaven to Dieppe — pasar or cruzar de Newhaven a Dieppe

2) (=intersect) [roads etc] cruzarse; path 4), a)

3) (=meet and pass) [letters, people] cruzarse

- cross off

- cross out

- cross over

* * *

I [krɔːs, krɒs]
noun

1)

a) ( Relig) cruz f

to make the sign of the cross — hacer* la señal de la cruz; ( cross oneself) persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

we all have our cross to bear — todos cargamos con or llevamos nuestra cruz

b) (mark, sign) cruz f

2) ( hybrid) ( Biol) cruce m, cruza f (AmL)

a cross between anger and disbelief — una mezcla de ira e incredulidad

3) ( Sport)

a) ( in soccer) pase m cruzado

b) ( in boxing) cruzado m, cross m

II
1.

transitive verb

1) ( go across) \<\<road\>\> cruzar*; \<\<river/desert\>\> cruzar*, atravesar*

it crossed my mind that... — se me ocurrió que..., me pasó por la cabeza que...

2) \<\<arms/legs\>\> cruzar*

we have a crossed line — ( Telec) se han cruzado las líneas, está ligado (Arg, Ven)

to have one's lines o wires crossed — (colloq)

I think maybe we've got our wires crossed — me parece que no hablamos de lo mismo

3) ( put line through)

to cross the t — ponerle* el palito a la t

4) (BrE Fin) \<\<cheque\>\> cruzar*

5) \<\<plants/breeds\>\> cruzar*

to cross something WITH something — cruzar* algo con algo

6) ( go against) \<\<person\>\> contrariar*; \<\<plans\>\> frustrar

7) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> cruzar*, tirar cruzado

2.

vi

a) ( walk across road) cruzar*

to cross over (the road) — cruzar* (la calle)

b) \<\<paths/roads\>\> cruzarse*; \<\<letters\>\> cruzarse*

3.

v refl

to cross oneself — persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

Phrasal Verbs:

- cross off

- cross out

III

adjective -er, -est (esp BrE) enojado (esp AmL), enfadado (esp Esp)

to get cross — enojarse (esp AmL), enfadarse (esp Esp)

it makes me cross — me da rabia

to be cross ABOUT something — estar* enojado or (esp Esp) enfadado por algo

English-spanish dictionary > cross
15 city

['sɪtɪ]
n

город

See:

parts of the city, city services

What kind of accommodation can you get in this city? — Как в этом городе устроиться с жильем?

I am allergic to big cities. — В больших городах я чувствую себя неуютно.

Outlying districts were annexed by the city. — Пригороды вошли в черту города.

The road runs between the two cities. — Эти два города соединены дорогой.

New suburbs sprang up all around the city. — Вокруг города возникли новые районы.

The city was destroyed by fire. — Город был уничтожен пожаром.

Cities are taken by ears. — Молва города берет.

- a big city

- rapidly growing city
- developing city
- free city
- great city
- overpopulated city
- densely populated city
- European city
- oriental city
- major cities
- industrial city
- capital city
- cathedral city
- fortress city
- sister cities
- townsman
- city life
- city folk
- city water supply
- city gas supply
- city utility service
- city government
- city builder
- city traffic
- city fathers
- city authorities
- city with a population of... people
- city of military glory
- attractions of a big city
- outskirts of the city
- offices buildings of the city
- bird's eye view of the city
- views of the city
- guests of the city
- places of interest
- green belt around the city
- favourite spots of city folk
- major of the city
- post-card with views of the city
- monuments of the city
- guide book to the city
- limits of the city
- slums of the city
- city planning
- outlay of the city
- centre of the city
- clatter of the busy city
- general sightseeing tour around the city
- in the city of Moscow
- within the city
- from one end of the city to the other
- from all parts of the city co
- all over the city
- east ward of the city
- wander around a city
- restore a city
- be city bred
- give running commentary during a city sightseeing trip
- live in a city
- do a city
- found a city
- lay out parks in the city
- plan out a city
- expand the boundaries of the city
- capture a city
- abandon the city to the enemy
- attack a city
- rebuild a city
- pay a visit to a city
- city lies is located on the river
USAGE:

(1.) Притом, что английское существительное в принципе утратило категорию рода, и неодушевленное существительное имеет обычно заместителем местоимение it, иногда проявляются рудименты утраченной родовой системы. Так, city имеет женский род: Нью-Йорк - красивый город, New-York - she is a beautiful city; города-побратимы - sister cities. (2.) Для образования названий жителей городов существует несколько словообразовательных моделей разной степени продуктивности. Наиболее продуктивен суффикс -er, прибавляющийся к названию города: London - Londoner, New-York - New-Yorker. Менее продуктивны суффиксы -ian: Paris - Parisian; -an: Rome - Roman; -ite: Moscow - Moscowite. От некоторых названий городов нельзя образовать названий жителей по модели: Liverpool - Liverpoollian, a Scouser (inform.); Manchester - Manchurian; Glasgow - Glaswegians. Всегда можно употребить словосочетание: a citizen of London, residents of Lisbon, city-dwellers и предложение She/he comes from Aberbin - она/он из Абердина. (3.) Citizen - имеет два значения: (1) горожанин и (2) гражданин. Во втором значении имеет синонимы subject и national. Citizen - полноправный житель страны - an American citizen; She is German by birth but is now a French citizen. Она родилась в Америке, но сейчас постоянно живет во Франции. Citizenship - гражданство, включает права и обязанности гражданина: He applied for American citizenship. Он подал заявление/прошение об американском гражданстве. She was granted British citizenship. Она получила британское гражданство. Subject - подданный - употребляется лишь в монархических государствах: a British subject. National - житель страны, но гражданин другого государства: Many Turkish nationals work in Germany. В Германии работает много граждан Турции. (4.) Сочетание a capital city и the capital of the country имеют разные значения. A capital city - большой город регионального значения: New-York (Rostov-on-Don, Barcelona) is a capital city. Столица государства - the capital: London is the capital of the UK. CULTURE NOTE: (1.) Некоторые города имеют традиционные названия: Eternal City - Вечный город - Рим; City in Seven Hills - Город на семи холмах - Рим; City of Dreaming Spires - Город дремлющих шпилей - Оксфорд; City of David - Град Давидов - Иерусалим и Вифлеем; City of Brotherly Love - (Am.) Город братской любви - Филадельфия; Empire City - Имперский город - Нью-Йорк; Big Apple City - Город большого яблока - Нью-Йорк; Fun City - город развлечений - Нью-Йорк; Federal City - Вашингтон; The Granite City - город Абердин (Шотландия); Holy City - Священный город - Иерусалим; Forbidden City - "Запретный город" - дворец китайского императора; Cities of the Plain - библ. Содом и Гоморра; Soul City - Гарлем; Windy City - Чикаго; Quaker City - город квакеров - Филадельфия; The City of God - Град Господень - небо, церковь; The Heavenly City - Новый Иерусалим; Celestial City - царствие небесное библ. Небесный град - Новый Иерусалим; Sea-born town - город, рожденный морем - Венеция. (2.) Разные территориальные части Лондона имеют разные названия. Они употребляются с определенным артиклем и пишутся с заглавной буквы: the West End - аристократический район города; the East End - рабочий район; the City - деловая часть Лондона; Soho - район иммигрантов в центре Лондона, известен своими ресторанами национальной кухни; The Docks - бывший район доков и верфей, теперь перестроен и имеет современный вид, место, где обычно селится Лондонская богема

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > city

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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he was bred for the sea

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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he was bred for the sea

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